ABX handout Flashcards
- cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- gram + bacteria and limited effect against gram -
- use for mutlidrug resistant bacteria- MRSA and endocarditis
vancomycin
- targets cell wall
- INHIBITS mycolic acid synthesis
- first line drug for TB (possibly nocardia as well?)
Isoniazid
- targets cell wall
- topical
- used against Gram+ Staph and Group A strep
- **nephortoxic if systemic. not well absorbed from GI
Bacitracin
basset hound in the videos
- targets RNA synthesis
- inhibits transcritption
- used against Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M. abium aerobic gram + cocci
- *hepatotoxic
Rifamycins
- examples include rifampin and rifabutin
- riffle in sketchy micro videos*
what can we use for tuberculosis?
RIPE Rifamycin Isoniazid Penicillin E?
- target protein synthesis
- translation inhibitor. Blocks 50 s ribosome and inhibits translocation
- anaerobic gram + or gram -
- common dental abs. r factor that methylates rRNA and prevents abs binding to ribosomes
Lincosaminedes
example is lincomycin and clindamycin
**clindamycin can lead to pseudomembranous colitis.
**i’ts not effective against aerobic gram -
- protein synthesis
- translation inhibitor. binds 50 s ribosome.
- works against gram + bacteria, other anaerobes not killed at oral admin levels
- can cause GI problems.
- oxotoxic
- use if penicillin allergy
Macrolides
exmamples are Erythromycin, clarithromycin, Azithromycin
**
what are the two classes that target protein synthesis by inhibiting translation? (block binding to 50 s ribosome)
Lincosamindes
Macrolides
-targets protein synthesis
-RNA polymerase inhibitor for C.Diff only.
3,500 K per treatment
macrocyclics
- targets protein syntheisis
- blocks 30 s ribosome
- use against gram + and gram - AEROBES
- Can damage the 8th cranial nerve
- nephrotoxic
Aminoglycosides.
Streptomycin
gentamycin
tobramycin
MY SINS
Toby is aMEAN protein filled gentleman and gives strep to both + and - people who love oxygen.
damages their 8th cranial nerve (auditory?) with all his BS
- targets protein synthesis
- blocks 50 s ribosome
- gram + not gram -
- MRSA, VRE
streptogramins.
“Grammy” is POSITIVE,
she looks like she’s 50 and keeps her house “PRISTINE” and eats lots of protein
these target protein synthesis
- translation inhibitor for 30s ribosome. stops the tRNA binding
- BROAD SPECTRUM. many gram + and gram -
- exmaples of Rickettsiae, mycoplasma and chlamydia
-tetracyclines
-include doxycyclin and minocycline
-damages developing teeth.
-30 year old protein filled cyclers.
-antacids, dairy, iron, and zinc can reduce the absorption
R factor that alters bacterial cell membrane
- new ABX
- target protein synthesis
- blocks tRNA binding to ribosome
- gram + drug resistant infections. MRSA and VRE
Oxaxolidinon
ZYvox and silvextro
-protein synthesis
-similar to tetracycline
blocks 30 s ribosome
-broad spectrum- gram pos and more gram - than tetracycline- mycobacterium
glycyclines
-tigecycline
best use for serious resistant staph infections
what could you use for serious resistant staph infections?
glycycline
- attacks the cell membrane
- binds ERGESTOL in fungal cell membrane
- use for candida and cyrptococcus
- antifungals
POLYENE!!!!
nystatin and Amphotericin
- cell membrane
- antiseptic mouthwash
- disrupts the membrane
- works for gram + and gram - bacteria. more effective against gram +
- use as a surgical scrub and as a mouthwash.
- inactivated by some toothpaste
Chlorohexidine
-cell membrane
-detergent action
-topical
-gram - (binds to LPS in the gram - wall)
skin, eye infections
-can be neurotoxic, nephrotoxic not GI stable if used internally
Cell membrane ones
*Poly is drinking topical drinks and daping out her lipo”
- cell membrane
- disrupts the IONIC concentration gradients
- gram + resistant staph, strep, and enterococci
- give by IV
LIPOPEPTIDE
dap the lip and disrupt the salty damage
use against ESS
Enterococci, staph, strep,
DNA synthesis
- STRICT anaerobes and are sensitve and some protozoa
- anaerboes (expcept actinomyces)
- often used to treat C. Diff
NITROIMADAZOLE!!!
metronidazole! lots of weird DNA on the metro. remember the metro!
*antabuse effect with alcohol
- works for DNA synthesis
- inhibits the DNA GYRASE-transcription factor
- gram - RODS. NESISSERIA some gram +. not for anaerobes.
- can damage cartilage and growing bone
- DONT use for kids of pregnancy
Quinolones- fluoroquinolones.
-Legionaire’s
Ciprofloxicn.
Quin is a real negative “rod” he goes to the club to check out some FINE DNA, bringing with his flowers and see the girls “gryrasing”
the gyrating action can cause damage to their cartilage and bone. not for kids or preggo women.
- only abx for metabolism
- blocks FOLIC acid synthesis- needs folate for DNA
- gram + and gram - actinomyces, Nocardia and chlamydia
- causes hemolytic anemia in patients with g6PD deficiency
- allergy cauer. renal toxicity.
SULFONAMDIES
sulfadizine and trimethoprim
what are the B-lactams???
pen V oral or Pen G methicillin, cloxaccillin, oxacillin ampilicllin, amoxicillin Cephalosporin IMpepenem -AZtreonam. CEPHEM!
non beta lactam?
Vanco
Bacitracin— TOPICAL! staph and group A step.
Isoniazid -(mycolic)