Handout 2 Flashcards
does oxidation produce energy or require energy?
oxidation produces energy
reduction requires energy. the gain of electrons
what is another name for substrate level phosphorylation?
glycolysis
what is the net ATP production of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation (glycolysis)?
2 ATP
2 NAD+ are reduced to what in glycolysis?
reduced to NADH
what is the hexose monophosphate shunt AKA?
the Pentose phosphate pathway! PPP!
does the PPP work with or without glycolysis?
SIMULTANEOUSLY!
it allows the breakdown of pentoses. 1 ATP/ cycle
what does the PPP make?
it makes important intermediate pentoses that will be used in the synthesis of nucleic acids, glucose from CO2 in photosynthesis and amino acids.
examples in crude Bacillus subitlis, E. Coli, Enteroccus faecalis.
what is the pathway that does not run with glycolysis??
Entner Doudruff. Etner is a hipster and works without glycolysis. Per glucose, Etner makes 2 NADPH and 1 ATP. He’s not incredibly effective.
what’s an example of an organism that uses Etner Doudrouff?
Pseudomonas!
“fake” aka hipster
products of the Krebs cycle?
2 acetyl CoA 4 CO2 6 NADH 2 FADH2 2 ATP by substrate level
what drives the chemoosmotic generation of ATP
electrons- through the ETC
energy released when protons move along the gradient is used to make the ATP
34 molecules per glucose
what is the final electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
an inorganic substrate- other than oxygen. Usually Nitrate, sulfate and high energy end products are made.
AnEROBIC. INORGANIC.
what kind of molecule is used as the final electron acceptor in fermention?
organic!!!
think, fermentation like kombucha would be for the organic folks. makes very small amounts of ATP
What does fermentation supply for glycolysis?
NAD. small ATP yeiled
what can help with the ID of organisms?
look at the end products!
if the end product was lactic acid, what might be the organism?
lactic acid fermentation.
from streptococcus and lactobacillus.
2 molecules of pyruvic acid converted to two of acetaldehyde and two molecules of CO2. acetyl aldehyde then reduced to ethanol! example?
alcohol fermentation.
example is Saccharomyces!
what are heterolactic/heterofermentive organisms?
organisms that produce lactic acid as well as other acids or alcohols.
what are lipid oxidized to?
fatty acids and glycerol!
remember, it gives off energy in the process!
A. Detection of amino acid catabolizing enzymes involved in decarboxylation and dehydrogenation - example???
A. Detection of amino acid catabolizing enzymes involved in decarboxylation and dehydrogenation - Salmonella vs. E. coli – Salmonella produce hydrogen sulfide when they remove sulfur from amino acids
what kind of tubes could we use for the fermentation test?
DURHAM tubes! ID at species as well as strain level
what would the oxidase test tell us?
look at the ETC
oxidase test for confirmation. Neisseria Gonorrhaea is positive
autotrophs rely on what?
organic from CO2. they do not need organic carbon source
what is the energy source for Photoheterotrophs?
light is the source of energy, organic compounds, (alcohols, fatty acids,organic acids, and carobydrates) as carbon. green and purple non suffer bacteria
