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Human Body + Function > Haemodynamics > Flashcards

Haemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Cardio Vascular Functions

A

Brings nutrients + gas to and wate away from all body cells, thermoregulation, immune system and endocrine signalling medium

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2
Q

What do we infer about capillary design based on fick’s first law

A

Capillaries branched network leaves a smaller distance between vessels and cells (increased flux). Circulation system is designed to maintain concentration gradient. Area exposed to blood flow is high due to capillary densty

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3
Q

Relationship between % cardiac output distribution and % o2 consumed by region

A

Typically similar. Outliers are the kidney as it filters blood from all over the body and requires extra O2 to function and the skin as it is given more bloood then it’s cells need for metabolism for thermoregulation

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4
Q

How long does it take for an erythrocyte to moove through an adult system at rest

A

< 1 min

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5
Q

2 Systems

A

Systemic (heart-body-heart, high pressure = high ressistance, blood oxygenated out of heart) and pulmonary (heart-lungs-heart, low pressure = low ressistance, blood deoxygenated out of heart)

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6
Q

What is driving force of blood pressure in systems

A

pressure gradient formed by beating heart

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7
Q

Arteries and arterioles Outline

A

Thick layer of smooth muscle, elastin (enabling to return back to shape) and collagen fibres. Arterioles contain more muscle while arteries contains more elastic properties

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8
Q

One explanation of increased blood pressure

A

Blood vessels become more stiff with age as elastic components wear down

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9
Q

Veins and Venules Outline

A

Thin walls (little internal muscle or elastic components), low pressure, contain valves and external muscle pumps, better capacitance (more blood volume) then arteries

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10
Q

Microcirculation Exchange

A

Capillaries exchange substances between cells and vessels. Thin walls and large surface area (high capillary density)

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11
Q

3 Types of Capillary

A

Continuous, fenestrated and sinusoidal (discontinues)

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12
Q

Continuous Capillaries Outline (most common)

A

Endothelial cells lie ontop of eachother like slates. Makes flow difficult. Eg at the blood brain barrier

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13
Q

Fenestrated Capillaries Outline

A

Gaps (windows) through cells. Enables small lipophilic molecules to pass through. Eg at kidney nephron

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14
Q

Sinusoidal Capillaries Outline

A

The widest gaps possible through cells. Allows erythrocytes (and other bloood cells through)

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15
Q

Movement of molecules between/across cells

A

Blood - Endothelium - ICF

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16
Q

How large (lipophobic) molecule move across cells

A

Receptor mediated endocytosis (vesicular)

17
Q

Diffusion Movement

A

Solutes move from areas of high to low conc and solvent will follow

18
Q

Osmosis Movement

A

Solutes remain static. Liquids move to balance osmoality

19
Q

Osmotic Pressure Def.

A

Physical force opposing liquid movement. Proportional to osmoality

20
Q

Starling’s Hypothesis Outline

A

Blood flow out of capillaries aims to balance pressures in vessel. Balances Hydrostatic pressure and osmatic pressure

21
Q

Hydrostatic pressure Outline

A

Pushes fluid forward (out of vessel). Net hydrostatic pressure = hydrostatic capillary - hydrostatic interstitial

22
Q

Colloid Osmatic Pressure / Oncotic PressureOutline

A

Holds fluid in vascular compartment (via plasma proteins). Net = Oncotic in capillaries - oncotic in interstitial

23
Q

Net filtration pressure Outline

A

Net pressure pushing blood out of capillaries = net hydrostatic - net onoctic pressure

24
Q

Cjanges in blood pressure in body

A

Low capillary pressure = aretriole constriction, results in shock. Increase capillary pressure = venous pooling (heart failure)

25
Q

Darcy’s Law (similar to Ohm’s Law)

A

Pressure Gradient = Flow x Resistance

Therfore: Flow = Pressure gradient/ ressistance

26
Q

Whole System Equation related to Darcy’s Law

A

Cardiac output = (Mean arterial blood pressure)/ (total peripheral ressistance)

27
Q

Relationship between ressistance and flow

A

System of low ressistance doesn’t need high pressure to maintain flow. System of low pressure needs a low ressistance to retain flow

28
Q

Regions of biggest pressure drop in system

A

Arteries to arterioles

29
Q

Poiseuille’s Law

A

Ressitance to flow in a cylinder. R = (viscosity x length)/radius. Viscosity and length don’t vary much in blood vessels so radius is dtermining factor

30
Q

REaltionship between ressistance to radius

A

Ressistance is inversely proportional to the (radius)^4. Radius has large effects on flow (flow is proportional to (radius)^4

31
Q

Effect of arteries’ elastic component

A

Can’t change radius size easily

32
Q

Viscosity Relationship to Ressistance

A

Proportional

33
Q

Hematocrit Def.

A

Proportion of blood volume occupied by erythrocytes. Higher haematocrit = higher blood viscosity

Human Body + Function (14 decks)

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