Control of Respiration Flashcards
Respiration Central Control
Medulla, pons and other brain regions
Respiratory Sensors
Chemoreceptors (central and peripheral) and lung receptors
Respiratory Effectors
Diaphragm, abdominal muscles and accessory muscles
Objective of Respiration
Maintain arterial PaCO2 and PaO2
Haldene Discovery
AS CO2 levels in blood increases, rate of respiration increases triggers pons and medulla oblongata. Signals are sent by chemoreceptors telling differences between O2 and CO2
Pons Respiratory Centers
Pnuemotaxic center and apneustic center
Medullary Respiratory Centers
Dorsal and Ventral (Respiratory Group
Dorsal Respiratory Group Outline
Controls inspiration, neurons fire causing muscle contraction. Limit expiration by amount signals were fired. Balanced by pnuemotaxic center that inhibits inspiration. Controls how much oxygen is needed
Ventral Respiratory Group Outline
Inspiratory and expiratory neurons, silent during normal breathing. Utilised during excitation. Mainly controls expiration
Pre-Botzinger Complex Outline
Neurons act as pacemakers. During normal breathing eupnea and sighs. Rhythmogensis
Pnuemotaxic center outline
Sends signals to DSR to decrease depth and time of respiration
Apneustic Center Outline
Increases depth and time of inspiration
Central Chemoreceptors Outline
Found in medulla. Senses low pH and high pCO2. Incraeses brething rate
Peripheral Chemoreceptors Outline
Found in carotid and aortic bodies. Senses low pO2 (<60 mmHg) in arterial blood (not venous), high pCO2 and low pH. Ensures breathing is always appropriate for metabolism to prevent brain hypoxia
Hypoxia Def
Oxygen is below physiology levels. Can result in stroke eg blockage of blood vessels. Receptors have fast effects
