Classification of Blood Cell

Question 1

Blood Function

Answer 1

Transports materials to and from body tissue

Question 2

Blood Transports to Tissues

Answer 2

Oxygen, Nutrients, Hormones, Water and Heat

Question 3

Blood Transports From Tissues

Answer 3

Waste Matter and Carbon Dioxide

Question 4

Erythrocyte Primary Function

Answer 4

Transports Oxygen (>1 billion) to blood tissues

Question 5

Main Oxygen Carrying Molecule in Erythrocytes

Answer 5

‘Haem’ contains iron

Question 6

Erythrocyte Shape

Answer 6

Biconcave with no nucleus. More flexible

Question 7

Haemoglobin Composition

Answer 7

Globin protein (4 folded (alpha and beta) peptide chains , 4 Haem groups (non-protein complexes containing iron)

Question 8

Oxyhaemoglobin

Answer 8

Haemoglobin with oxygen bound to it

Question 9

Role of leukocytes in Immune System

Answer 9

Defends against pathogens, identifies cancer cells, removes dead/cancerous cells from body

Question 10

5 Types of Leukocyte

Answer 10

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil, Monocye, lymphocyte

Question 11

Polymorphonuclear (many shapes of nucleus) granulocytes (65% of white blood cells)

Answer 11

Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil

Question 12

Mononuclear Agranulocytes (35% WBC)

Answer 12

Monocyte and Lymphocyte

Question 13

Neutrophil Function

Answer 13

Phagocyte. High levels in blood indicates bacterial infection

Question 14

Eosinophil Function

Answer 14

Combats parasitic and viral infections aswell as allergy response. High levels indicate an allergic reaction/parasitic infection

Question 15

Basophil Function

Answer 15

Synthesises and stores histamine (vasodilation) and heparin (anti-coagulant)

Question 16

Monocyte Function

Answer 16

Phagocytosis of bacteria and removal pf aged erythrocytes

Question 17

Lymphocyte Function

Answer 17

Target specific areas of defence

Question 18

B-Lymphocyte Function

Answer 18

Produces antibodies to circulate in blood.

Question 19

T- Lymphocyte Function

Answer 19

Target specific cells (eg cancer and virus controlled) and release chemical to put holes in their membrane

Question 20

Thrombocyte Function

Answer 20

Haemostasis. Fragments of megakaryocytes (no nucleus but has organelles and enzymes for energy production and product secretion). Released from spleen by contraction

Question 21

Haemostasias Outline

Answer 21

Vasoconstriction, Platelet Plug Formation and Blood Coagulation

Question 22

What is exposed when endothelial lining is torn

Answer 22

collagen

Question 23

What is released when platelet receptors bind to collagen

Answer 23

ADP and Thromboxane A2

Question 24

Function of Thromboxane A2

Answer 24

Activates platelets to begin forming platelet plug by layering ontop of eachother over collagen

Question 25

Platelet Plug Function

Answer 25

Blocks small holes in blood vessels

Question 26

Substances excreted by non-torn endothelium + it's function

Answer 26

Prostacyclin and Nitric Oxide. Inhibits platelet aggregation. Confining plug to injury site

Question 27

Coagulation Constituents

Answer 27

Blood (as a non flowing gel) and fibre mesh collecting blood CElls

Question 28

Function of Blood Coagulation

Answer 28

Reinforces Clot

Question 29

2 Types of Clotting Cascade

Answer 29

Intrinsic (blood inside vessel) and Extrinsic (blood out of vessel (surrounding tissue))

Question 30

What Clotting Factor join 2 types together

Answer 30

Factor 10

Question 31

Which path begins at the earlier clotting factor (factor XII)

Answer 31

Intrinsic

Question 32

How to activate clotting factor 7

Answer 32

Foreign surface/collage exposure

Question 33

How to activate clotting factor 10

Answer 33

Ca2+ from (factor 8 (I) or Factor 7(E))

Question 34

Thrombin Progression

Answer 34

Thrombin, Loose Fibrin (Thrombin + Fibrinogen), Rigid Fibrin (loose Fibrin + clotting fibre 8 activated by thrombrin)

Question 35

What happens after clot

Answer 35

Fibroblasts move into clot due to platelets, scar is formed, clot is dissolved by plasmin

Question 36

Plasma Contents

Answer 36

Protein, gas, carbohydrates, salt and lipid

Question 37

3 Plasma Proteins

Answer 37

Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen

Question 38

Albumin Function

Answer 38

Transports substances with poor plasma solubility (eg bilirubin), regulates blood osmatic pressure (prevents loss from capillaries)

Question 39

Globulin Alpha and Beta Functions

Answer 39

Clotting factor, transports substances (eg iron)

Question 40

Globulin Gamma FUnction

Answer 40

Antibody

Question 41

Fibrinogen

Answer 41

Clotting process. Converts thrombin into loose fibrin