Blood Gas Transport

Question 1

effects of partial pressure change at different parts of body

Answer 1

Diffusion of gases from high pressure conc to low. Eg high PaCO2 in blood vessels move to aveoli, high PaO2 in blood vessels move into tissues

Question 1

Sites of Gass Exchnage

Answer 1

Capillaries and alveoli and blood vessels and tuissues

Question 2

Net High PACO2 in blood indicates

Answer 2

Hypercapnia (hypoventilation). Respiratory acidoids (low pH)

Question 3

Net low PACO2 in blood indicates

Answer 3

Hypocapnia (hyperventilation). respiratory alkaloids (high pH)

Question 4

Amount of oxygen dissolved in plasma

Answer 4

~2%, low solubility (CO2 is more soluble). 100 ml =0.3 ml O2 = 100 mm/Hg paO2

Question 5

Amount of Oxygen bound to Haemoglobin

Answer 5

~95%. 100ml = 19.5ml

Question 6

How do erythrocytes change their affinity for oxygen

Answer 6

Reversible change in their shape by loosely and temporarily binding to iron. The revirsibilty allows O2 to bind initially and then release to tissues. Tense = lower affinity, relaxed = higher affinity. Heamoreceptors (2 alpha and 2 beta chains). Each heamoglobin can carry 4 oxygen molecules

Question 7

Oxygen disassociation Curve

Answer 7

Comprehends how blood transport as oxygen releases. Partial pressure of oxygen in blood, shows volume of oxygen in blood, shows effects of lungs pulling from atmosphere. as partial pressure increases, no of oxygen bound to hemoglobin increases (increased saturation)

Question 8

Bohr Effect Outline

Answer 8

RBCs adapting their affinity for oxygen based on enviormantal changes. Maximises binding of oxygen in lungs and delivery to tissues. Curve shifts right (higher saturation) as blood releases more oxygen to tissues

Question 9

Bohr Effect Factors

Answer 9

Increased oxygen uptake from tissues, increases tissue CO2 production. CO2 is taken up from tissues into blood decreasing blood pH. Decreased blood pH is increased O2 release from hemoglobin

Question 10

Relationship between blood PCO2, blood pH, Heamoglobin affinity for Oxygen and amount of oxygen released to tissues

Answer 10

Increased pCO2 = decreased pH (more H+ ions) = decreased affinity = increased release of O2 to tissues = increased body temp = increased 2, 3 biphosphoglyceric acid = shift to right

Question 11

Tissue hypoxia

Answer 11

Insufficent amount of oxygen to tissues

Question 12

CO Effects

Answer 12

CO binds to heamoglobin more strongly then O. Less O transported in blood = less released to tissues = curve shifting left = tissue hypoxia

Question 13

Relationship between O2 saturation and partial pressure

Answer 13

increased partial pressure = increased saturation

Question 14

Amount of CO2 dissolved in plasma

Answer 14

~ 5%

Question 15

Amount of CO2 bound to Haemoglobin

Answer 15

~ 5 %

Question 16

Amount of CO2 in bicarbonate ion

Answer 16

~ 90%. CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3

Question 17

How is electrochemical balance kept with production of HCO3- ion

Answer 17

HCO3- ion leaves cell as Cl- enters through pump

Question 18

Haldane Effect

Answer 18

Opposite of Bohr effect, ensures CO2 is removed from lungs. Oxygenated blood displaces CO2 in lungs by release of CO2 to haemoglobin