Anatomy Intro.

Question 1

Anatomy Def.

Answer 1

Study of internal + external structures of body and their physical relationships

Question 2

Physiology Def.

Answer 2

Study of functions of internal + external structures in organisms

Question 3

2 Types of Anatomy Study

Answer 3

Gross Anatomy (macroscopic) + Histology (microscopy)

Question 4

3 Anatomical Planes

Answer 4

Sagittal (vertical, back to front), Coronal (vertical, left to right) + Transverse (horizontal)

Question 5

8 Anatomical Orientations

Answer 5

Anterior, Posterior, Superior, Inferior, Medial, Lateral, Proximal + Distal

Question 6

Human Body Outline

Answer 6

Trunk, Limbs, Head + Neck, Perineum, nervous system and vascular system

Question 7

Human Trunk

Answer 7

Thorax, abdomen and pelvis. Houses internal organs (respiratory, digestive, urinary and internal genital systems)

Question 8

Human Limbs

Answer 8

Outgrowths from trunk. Used for locomotion, feeding and communication

Question 9

Head and Neck

Answer 9

Houses brain, digestive + respiratory tract entrances and sense organs

Question 10

Perineum

Answer 10

Bottom end of trunk. Contains effluent from digestive + urinary systems and external genitalia

Question 11

Nervous System

Answer 11

In all regions. Control and Communication

Question 12

Vascular System

Answer 12

All Regions. Delivers nutrients, removes waste, transport medium and communication between cells

Question 13

Cells Anatomical Def.

Answer 13

Composes body tissues Eg: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and nervous

Question 14

Tissues Anatomical Def.

Answer 14

Form Organs of the body. Eg: Heart, Pancreas, Brain

Question 15

Organ System Def.

Answer 15

Formed from groups of organs and tissues working together in conjunction. Eg: Integumentary, Cardiovascular and urinary

Question 16

Human Body Systems

Answer 16

Muscular, Skeletal, Nervous, Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Digestive, Endocrine, Integumentary, Urinary, Female/Male Reproductive

Question 17

Muscular System

Answer 17

Contains skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle. Enables movement

Question 18

Skeletal Muscle Outline

Answer 18

Parallel fiber bundles with stripped pattern. Capable of powerful Contractions. Voluntarily controlled

Question 19

Smooth Muscle Outline

Answer 19

Elongated fibres with no patterns. Found in tupe walls (eg:Blood Vessels). Involuntarily controlled

Question 20

Cardiac Muscle Outline

Answer 20

Branching network of individual cells, working as unit, stripped pattern. Involuntary control. Fatigue Resistant

Question 21

Skeletal System Composition

Answer 21

Bones cartilage and joints. Axial skeleton (skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum) and Appendicular Skeleton ( limbs and girdles)

Question 22

Bone (def.)

Answer 22

Calcified connective tissue, forma majority of skeleton

Question 23

Bone Functions

Answer 23

Support, vital organ protection, mineral reservoir (calcium, phosphorus), levers for movement, blood production

Question 24

Bone Tissue Types

Answer 24

Compact (dense bone outer shell) + Spongy (bone spicules enclosing marrow)

Question 25

Bone Types

Answer 25

Tubular (long, limbs), Cuboidal (wrist + ankle), flat (skull), irregular (face), sesamoid (within tendon)

Question 26

Periosteum Def.

Answer 26

Fibrous connective tissue bones are covered with

Question 27

Vertebrae

Answer 27

Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5), Sacral (5), Coccygeal (3/4 fused)

Question 28

Cartilage (def.)

Answer 28

Avascular connective tissue. Nourished by diffusion

Question 29

Cartilage (functions)

Answer 29

Smooth surface for joint movement, long bone development, soft tissue support

Question 30

Cartilage Types

Answer 30

Hyaline, Elastic, Fibrocartilage

Question 31

4 Types of Joints

Answer 31

Fibrous, Primary Cartilaginous, Secondary Cartilaginous, Synovial

Question 32

Fibrous Joint

Answer 32

Bones joined by collagen. Sutures between skull bones and syndesmosis (ankle joint)

Question 33

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 33

Hyaline cartilage between 2 bones. Strong. Eg: Birth Plates

Question 34

secondary cartilages joint typical location

Answer 34

midline

Question 35

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

Answer 35

2 layers of Hyaline Cartilage with a fibrocartilaginous disc embedded in them between 2 bones. Located on bone’s articular surface. Eg pubic symphysis

Question 36

Synovial Joints

Answer 36

Hyaline Articular Cartilage, Capsule, Joint Cavity, Synovial membrane. Connections between bones separated by a narrow cavity. Enables ligament movement

Question 37

Synovial Joints Types

Answer 37

Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Bicondylar (modified hinge joint), condylar, saddle, ball + socket

Question 38

Plane Function + Example

Answer 38

Sliding movements. Eg: Acromioclavicular joint

Question 39

Hinge Function + Example

Answer 39

Movement around 1 axis passing transversely through joint. Eg: Elbow

Question 40

Pivot Function + Example

Answer 40

Allows movement around 1 axis that passes longitudinally along bone shaft. Eg; Atlanto-axial joint

Question 41

Bicondylar

Answer 41

Allows movement mostly in 1 axis with some movement in the other. Eg; knee joint

Question 42

Condylar

Answer 42

Allows movement in 2 axises at right angles to eachother. Eg: wrist

Question 43

Saddle

Answer 43

Movement in 2 axes perpendicular to each other. Articulating surfaces are saddle shaped.