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Human Body + Function > Blood Formation > Flashcards

Blood Formation Flashcards

1
Q

Blood Def.

A

A specialised connective tissue. Distributed throughout entire body

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2
Q

Blood Body Weight %, Temperature, pH

A

8%. 38 degrees celcius. pH 7.45

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3
Q

Plasma % of net blood composition

A

55%. Liquid component of blood where cell are suspended

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4
Q

Plasma Composition

A

Aqueous solution contains gases, salts, protein, carbohydrate, lipid

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5
Q

% Cellular/Formed Elements in blood

A

45%

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6
Q

Formed Elements Compositions

A

Erythrocytes (99%), Leukocytes (1%) and platelets (>1%)

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7
Q

Hemopoiesis/Hematopoiesis Def.

A

Production and development of new blood cells

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8
Q

Erythrocyte Development Stages

A

(multipotent to) myeloid stem cell to erythrocyte

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9
Q

Thrombocyte Development Stages

A

(multipotent to) myeloid stem cell to Megakaryocyte (thrombocytes are fragments off megakaryocye)

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10
Q

Monocyte/ Macrophage Development Stages

A

(multipotent to) Myeloid stem cell to monocyte

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11
Q

3 Granulocytes

A

Basophile Eosinophil and neutrophil

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12
Q

Granulocyte Development

A

(Multitpotent to) myeloid stem cell to Basophil/Eosinophil/ Neutrophil

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13
Q

Dendritic Cell Development

A

(multipotent to) myeloid/ lymphatic stem cell to dendretic cell

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14
Q

Lymphocyte

A

(multipotent to) lymphatic stem cell to lymphocyte

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15
Q

Erythropoiesis Def. + Start and End points

A

Red blood cell productions. Multipotent Stem Cells (to Myeloid Stem Cells) to Erythrocyte.

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16
Q

Erythropoiesis Growth Factor

A

Erythropoietin. Also influence by B12, folate, amino acid and iron

17
Q

Thrombopoiesis Def + start and end points

A

Thrombocytes (platelets) platelets production. Multipotent Stem Cells ( to myeloid stem cells) to thrombocytes

18
Q

Thrombopoiesis Growth Stimulant

A

Thrombopoietin (hormone produced by liver). Increases number of megakaryocytes (which produces platelets

19
Q

Leukopoiesis Definition. Start and end point

A

The formation of white blood cells. Multipotent stem cells ( to Lymphatic stem cells) lymphocytes/dendritic cells. New lymphocytes can exist from preexisting lymphocytes in lymph nodes

20
Q

Leukopoiesis Growth Stimulant

A

Colony Stimulating Factors, Interleukins, prostaglandis

21
Q

Multipotent Stem Cells Def.

A

Differentiates into different blood cells. Grow and divide in suitable enviroments

22
Q

Sites of Hemopoiesis during development

A

Embryo - yolk sac, prenatal- liver/spleen/lymphnode, children - marrow of long bones (eg tibia), adults - red bone marrow eg pelvis

23
Q

Erythropoiesis Def.

A

Kidneys detect O2 in blood, secrete erythropoietin into blood, erythropoiesis stimulated in bone marrow, additional erythrocytes increase O2 in blood, increased O2 reduces erythropoieten in blood

24
Q

Blood Types

A

A+ , A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ , O-

25
Q

Antigen Def. + 2 types

A

Complex sugars that determine blood type. ABO and Rhesus (+/-)

26
Q

Types of Rhesus Antigen

A

C, c, D (most antigenic), E, e

27
Q

Most Common + Least Common Blood Type

A

O+ and AB-

28
Q

Antibodies Def.

A

Specialised molecules produced by immune system to attack foreign antigen (eg type A blood produces anti-B antigens)

29
Q

What happens when incompatible blood types mix (cells)

A

erythrocyte agglutination (clumping) or haemolysis (rupture

30
Q

What happpens when incompatatble blood types mix (patients)

A

rise in plasma bilirubin, renal damage or death

31
Q

2 Compatibility Tests before transfusion

A

Blood Grouping + Cross Matching

32
Q

Blood grouping Outline

A

Expose blood samples to anti-sera containing different anti-bodies. Blood type identified by agglutination (antigen present ) or no change (antigen absent)

33
Q

Cross-Matching Outline

A

Donor + recipient blood samples mixed. Aggulation occurring means bloods are incompatible

34
Q

Consequences of unmedicated birth of Rh+ baby to Rh- parent

A

Fetus blood mixes with mothers. Mother produces antibodies (which commit to memory). In future Rh+ pregnancies fetus will be killed (/experience anemia/ jaundice) by anti-Rh antigens crossing placenta

35
Q

Treatment for mother during birth of Rh+

A

Give mother Rh+ antibodies. Her body doesn’t make them/commit to memeory

Human Body + Function (14 decks)

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