growth in animals

Question 1

what is animal growth?

Answer 1

animal growth is an increase in an animals size or mass over its lifetime

Question 2

what are some examples of specialised animal cells?

Answer 2

red blood cells, sperm cells, egg cells, nerve cells, muscle cells,ciliated cells and villi

Question 3

what is the function and adaptation of red blood cells

Answer 3

red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues for aerobic respiration
- has haemoglobin so it can bind with oxygen
- doesn’t have a nucleus which increases the volume of haemoglobin in the cell
- very flexible so can move through narrow blood vessels

Question 4

what is the function and adaptation of sperm cells?

Answer 4

sperm cells are to fertilize an egg
-tail to swim to the egg
-mid-piece containing lots of mitochondria to have the energy to swim to an egg
-acrosome to break down eggs jelly coat to fertilize an egg
-nucleus to hold DNA of sperm cell

Question 5

what is the function and adaptation of nerve cells?

Answer 5

nerve cells receive sensory input from the external world for sending motor commands to muscles
-fatty sheath to increase the speed of nerve impulses along the neuron
-long fibre (axon0 to carry messages up and down the body over long distances

Question 6

what is the function and adaptation of egg cells?

Answer 6

egg cells are specialised for fertilisation
-cytoplasm containing nutrients for the growth of an embryo
-haploid nucleus containing genetic material for fertilisation
-cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm cell so no more can enter

Question 7

what is the function and adaptation of muscle cells?

Answer 7

muscle cells produce movement of body parts
-contains filaments of protein that slide over each other to cause muscle contractions

Question 8

what is the function and adaptation of ciliated cells?

Answer 8

ciliated cells push and move mucus from one place to another. they move mucus containing trapped microbes and dust
-thin layer of tiny moving ‘hairs’ called cilia

Question 9

what is the function and adaptation of villi?

Answer 9

villi absorb nutrients from chyme in the stomach from food
-large surface area for absorption
-one cell thick - short distance for absorption to happen by diffusion and active transport

Question 10

why is cell differentiation important?

Answer 10

it allows cells to specialise and perform specific functions in an organism and allow for the formation of tissues and organs and is necessary for the proper functioning of the body