Growth And Lifespan Dvpt Flashcards
Foreclosure identity state
Commitment and absence of crisis
Preop stage - Piaget
2-7
representing things with words and images. no logical thinking yet
Egocentric
Symbolic activity
Intuitive thinking
Concrete Op stage - Piaget
7-11
Thinking logically about concrete events
Conservation
math
Least developed sense at birth
eyesight
Marasamus
Infant does not get necessary nourishment needed to sustain life
Sensorimotor stage
cog dvpt which begins in infancy
experiencing the world through the senses
object permanence
stranger anxiety
Monozygotic twins
one zygote splits and forms 2 identical clusters. Also known as identical twins (1 in every 270 births)
Dizygotic twins
two ova are fertilized by 2 separate sperm around the same time (1 in every 60 births)
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
abornmal ingestion of protein. 1 in 500 births. 1 in 100 European Americans mainly Norwegian
Kleinfelter
XXY
male appearance, secondary sex characteristics not present
Vaillant & Levinson
Psychoanalytic theorists who believed human intrinsic drives and motives to be the basis for universal stages
Vaillant
pessimistic explanatory styles of depressed ppl
concluded that these ppl blame unpleasant events on themselves
Thorndike
law of effect
animals repeat responses but not punished responses
Maslow
Hierarchy of needs - physiological safety belonging & love needs esteem self actualization
Piaget
Infant- sensorimotor (senses, motor)
2 - preoperational - think symbolically
school age- concrete operational - think logically
adolescent & adult - formal operational - think on many planes, abstract
postformal - 5th stage allows adults to solve real world problems
Vygotsky
language single most important means of learning
social experience
Kwashiokor
lack of protein- characterized by bloating in face legs, abdomen
Assimilation
fitting info into an infant’s current schema
accommodation
revising infant’s schema to fit new info
intermodal perception
using more than 1 sense
cross-modal perception
ability to use info from one sensory modality to imagine something in another
perceptual constancy
awareness that size and shape are always constant despite changes in appearance due to location (6 mo)
reversal
8 mo - will demonstrate goal orientated bx by looking at an object taken out of view. reversal allows the babies to reverse the situation
underextend
babies use words to refer to a narrow category of objects
overextend
when babies use a word to describe everything with similar characteristics
infant self awareness
occurs around 15-24 mo
most common prob in preschool yrs
iron deficiency
1 cause of childhood death
accidents
when is brain 90% developed in size?
age 6
kohlberg’s 3 levels of moral rsning
“why shouldn’t you steal from a store?”
level 1 - preconventional
level 2 - Conventional
level 3 - Postconventional
Gilligan’s beliefs
females give more thought to social contexts of moral choices and they focus on relationships
females have a morality of compassion and care and not a morality of justice and judgment
Marcia’s 4 identity statuses
- achieveemnt - a person is unique and has self definition
- foreclosure - acceptance of parental values
- identity diffusion - confusion and uncertainty
- moratorium - pause in identity to allow teens to explore alternatives
Senescence
between age 15-30
state of physical decline, body less strong and efficient
cog changes during adulthood
postformal approach - builds on operational thinking
psychometric approach - analyzes factors of intelligence and examines improvements or decline
information processing approach - storage and retrieval of info.
predominant patterns in adult thinking
postformal thought adult rsning that focuses on problem solving and real life concepts dialectical thought most advanced form of cognition first stage = thesis second stage = antithesis
levinson stages of adulthood
17-22 early adult transition 18-33 transition, cause change 22-28 first choices, love, etc 33-40 setting down 40-45 midlife transition, start to question 45-50 new choices made
roger gould
studies stages of adulthood ages 16-60
ranked issues of greatest importance in ppl’s lives
Baumrind
3 parenting styles
authoritarian - strict, sets guidelines
authoritative - parents who run in the middle-
permissive - no demands, guidelines extremely flexible
concrete operational thought
piaget- most important achievement in middle school
- recognition of logical stability of the real world
- objects can change, original characteristics stay the same
- changes can be reversed
biggest influence on child’s self esteem
peers
role buffering
each role provides a cushion for the disappointments in other roles
factors affecting hearing loss
sex
genes
age
deficits start age 30 (men) 50 (women)
climacteric
phase preceding menopause, believed to be about 10 years
shorter menstrual cycles
varying ovulation
fluid intelligence
all type of learning quick and in depth
crystallized intelligence
accumulated learning, vocab, general info, knowledge of scientific formulas,
gardener - 7 types of intelligence
linguistic logical-math musical-spatial body-kinesthetic social-understanding self-understanding
sternberg multiple inteligence
analytic - planning, processing, verbal, logical skills
creative - intellectually flexible
practical - ability to adapt behavior to contextual demands of a situation
eye sight in old age
80% need correction
10% ok
10% significant problems
Robert LeVine cultural context
middle class families give less consideration to infant mortality rates bc their parenting strategies focus on tech advances and emo independence of their children
turners syndrome
individual born with 1 sex chromosome
characteristics - learning disabled (math, science)
diff recognizing facial emotion
short
secondary sex characteristics do not develop
webbed neck
prenatal developmental phases
germinal - first 14 days
embryonic - 3rd to 8th week
fetal - 9th week to birth
prenatal organ function
end of 7th mo
low birth weight
less than 5.5 lb
apgar
1 to 10
1 min and 5 min after birth
HR, RR, muscle tone, color, reflexes
preconventional morality
compliance with rules to avoid punishment and get rewards
conventional morality
conforming to rules to get social approval
erikson’s stages of development
1 - trust v mistrust
2 - autonomy v shame
3 -6 - initiative v guilt
6-12 - industry v inferiority
best predictor of adolescent alcohol use
alcohol use by parents and peers
crystallized intelligence
knowledge gained through experience
fluid intelligence
organization of information n novel problem solving
irreversibility
inability to mentally undo something (water poured from one container to another is same amount)
centration
tendency to focus on only one aspect when observing a stimulus
phenomenalistic causality
sense of magical thinking where events that cooccur in time are though to be causally connected
conservation
ability to recognize that objects conserve their characteristics regardless of a change in shape or form (concrete op)
play is most important for
mastery of difficult feelings
formal operational - piaget
12-adulthood
abstract rsning
potential for mature moral reasoning
Erikson’s stages of psychosocial dvpt
baby - trust v. mistrust toddler - autonomy v shame and doubt preschooler- initiative v guilt school age - industry v. inferiority adolescent - ego identity v role confusion YA - intimacy v isolation MA - generativity v stagnation LA - ego integrity v despair
