Bx Learning theories

Question 1

aversive counterconditioning

Answer 1

UCS (drug) -> UCR (nausea)
CS (alcohol) + (UCS) drug –> nausea
CS (alcohol ) –> nausea (CR)

+ moderately effective initially

• high relapse
• poor generalizability

best when: booster, aversion is similar to target bx, and when paired with another treatment

Question 2

Biofeedback

Answer 2

best for Raynauds, urinary and fecal incontinence

biofeedback + relaxation best for migraines

other disorders (e.g., tension ha): biofeedback = relaxation

Question 3

chaining

Answer 3

combo: classical and operant conditioning -> bx chain

e. g., making a cake. Final response usually followed by primary reinforcer

Question 4

Classical Conditioning

Answer 4

CS (bell) repeatedly paired with US (food) so that CS -> response of US (salivation)

helps explain emo response, attitudes, drug addiction, allergies, food, sex preferences, phobias, psychosomatic disorder

Question 5

Blocking

Answer 5

CS (bell) before US (food). Once CR is established, present CS with a second CS (light) prior to US (food).

2nd CS never becomes associated with US

Question 6

Forward conditioning

Answer 6

CS must always precede US

most effective:

1. delayed conditioning (CS precedes US by 1/2 sec and then overlaps)
2. trace conditioning
3. simultaneous

Question 7

CR is never as powerful as ___

Answer 7

UR

Question 8

classical extinction

Answer 8

repeatedly present CS without US; spontaneous recovery occurs at weaker level

Question 9

Reciprocal Inhibition

Answer 9

Wolpe

Counter conditioning - pair anxiety provoking stimulus (CS) with stimulus that produces relaxation (US)

Question 10

treatments based on counterconditioning

Answer 10

systematic desensitization (extinction is active ingredient)
behavioral sex therapy (best for premature ejac and vaginismus)

Question 11

Treatments based on aversive counterconditioning

Answer 11

in vivo aversion therapy
covert sensitization (imagining)

Question 12

Treatments based on classical extinction

Answer 12

In vivo exposure with RP (flooding)
implosive therapy
graduated exposure
EMDR

Question 13

In vivo exposure with RP

Answer 13

flooding

exposure to CS without US while inhibiting avoidance

best for OCD

evaluation:
1) long and continuous better than brief. short can increase sensitivity to feared stimuli
2) high anx - provocation may not be needed during exposure. Tranquilizer can enhance effect of exposure
3) self-controlled exposure (after training with therapist) and group exposure can be as effective as individual tx
4) exposure and RP are both essential components

Question 14

Implosive therapy

Answer 14

Stampfl

similar to in vivo E with RP, but imagined

avoidance bx - develop in childhood and represent conflicts re: sexual or aggressive impulses. Images embellished with psychodynamic themes

Question 15

Stimulus control

Answer 15

a bx does or does not occur d/t presence or absence of discriminative stimuli.

positive discriminative stimuli signal that a bx will be reinforced

neg- bx will not be reinforced

Question 16

Escape and avoidance conditioning

Answer 16

escape - application of negative reinforcement in which target bx is an escape bx (do a bx to stop someone from nagging)

avoidance - make a response in the presence of positive discriminative stimuli so it can avoid an unpleasant stimulus (do something to avoid unpleasant response from starting)

Question 17

Premack principle

Answer 17

using a highly motivating bx to reinforce

Question 18

overcorrection

Answer 18

positive punishment -> correct consequence of his behavior (restitution) and practice corective behavior (positive practice)

maybe not good for those with hx of trauma or who are physically big (if correction is physical)

Question 19

response cost

Answer 19

neg punishment

remove reinforcer following a bx (take away a token)

Question 20

time out

Answer 20

best when paired with reinforcement of alt. bx and when begins with brief explanation