Gross anatomy

Question 1

Lesions affecting the parietal lobe has ?

Answer 1

sensory inattention

apraxia - inability to execute or carry out skilled movement and gestures, despite having the physical ability and desire to perform them

Astereognosis - used to describe both the inability to discriminate shape and size by touch and the inability to recognize objects by touch

inferior homonymous quadrantanopia

Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal):
alexia - inability to read
acalculia -
finger agnosia - recognize and identify objects
and right-left disorientation

Question 2

lesions affecting the occipital lobe ?

Answer 2

homonymous hemianopia (with macula sparing)
cortical blindness - has no vision but the response of his/her pupil to light
visual agnosia

Question 3

temporal lesion

Answer 3

Wernicke aphasia - speech is fluent however word substitution and nonsensical
Superior temporal gyrus - Brodmann area 22 in the superior temporal gyrus

Superior homonymous quadrantanopia

auditory agnosia

prosopagnosia (difficulty recognising faces)

Question 4

frontal lobe lesion ?

Answer 4

expressive - BROCA aphasia (inferior aspect of frontal lobe ) - speech halting , non fluent
Repetition impaired
Inferioir frontal gyrus

disinhibition

preservation - when someone “gets stuck” on a topic or an idea

Anosmia is the partial or full loss of smell

INABILITY TO GENERATE A LIST

Question 5

cerebellum lesion

Answer 5

midline lesions: gait and truncal ataxia

hemisphere lesions: intention tremor, past pointing,
dysdiadokinesis - impaired ability to perform rapid, alternating movements
nystagmus

Question 6

Wernicke and Korsakoff syndrome

Answer 6

Medial thalamus
Mamilla body of hypothalamus

Question 7

x

Question 8

Foster-Kennedy syndrome

Answer 8

progressively worsening headache f
Worst when coughing

papilloedema of the right disc but optic atrophy on the left.

frontal lobe tumour - ipsilateral optic atrophy and papilloedema of the contralateral optic nerve.

Question 9

x

Question 10

Conduction aphasia

Answer 10

Speech is fluent but repetition to small sentences is poor. Aware of the errors they are making

affecting the arcuate fasiculus - the connection between Wernicke’s and Broca’s area

Question 11

x

Question 12

x

Question 13

Global aphasia

Answer 13

able to communicate using gestures

Large lesion affecting all 3 of the above areas resulting in severe expressive and receptive aphasia

Question 14

x

Question 15

x

Question 16

hemibalism - usually characterized by involuntary flinging motions of the extremities is associated with which area ?

Answer 16

Subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia

Question 17

Huntington chorea - s abrupt, irregular, and sudden movements that can give the appearance of a dancing motion associated with which area ?

Answer 17

Striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia

Question 18

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperphagia, visual agnosia associated with which area ?

Answer 18

medial temporal lobe (including amygdaloid nucleus)