Grade 9 Science - Space Flashcards
The Big Bang Theory?
The theory that all energy and matter in the universe expanded from a point.
How long ago did the Big Bang occur?
13.8 billion years ago
Inflation?
The act of the universe expanding at a rapid rate
How long after the big bang did inflation occur?
1 second
The formation of particles?
when helium and hydrogen was created
Why couldn’t atoms form until 400,000 years after the big bang?
because the universe was too hot
The formation of protons and neutrons?
quarks combined creating protons and neutrons
Quarks?
the broken up parts of protons and neutrons
How long after the big bang did the formation of protons and neutrons occur?
1 second during inflation
How long after the big bang did the formation of particles occur?
3 minutes
The forming of atoms?
The universe cooled enough to atoms
What was used to create atoms?
electrons, hydrogen, and helium
How long after the big bang did the formation of the first atom occur?
400,000 years
How long after the big bang did the light of the universe emerge?
400,000 years
Early light of the universe?
when there started to be a difference in temperature because of the collection of atoms
What is the early light of the universe also known as?
The cosmic microwave
What are the 3 things that are created when combined?
- Stars
- galaxies
- cluster of galaxies
The first starts are born?
The act of gravity forcing hydrogen and helium atoms together
Nebulae?
The formation of gas clouds
How long after the big bang did the formation of the first star occur?
100 million years
Formation of the early galaxies?
The act of gravity forcing and nebula’s together creating more stars
How long after the big bang did the formation of the early galaxies occur?
250 million years
The formation of planet?
Created by the star’s supernova expelling many different elements creating planets
Galaxy Clusters?
The act of many galaxies being pulled closer due to their gravitation pulls
How long after the big bang did galaxy clusters occur?
1 billion years
How many years ago did our sun and earth form?
4.5 billion year ago
How many years ago did the birth of first life on earth formed?
3.8 billion years ago
How many years ago did the first dinosaurs develop?
230 million years ago
How many years ago did the extinction of the dinosaurs occur?
65 million years ago
How many years ago did the first bipedal hominids live?
2 million years ago
How many years ago did the first humans live?
200, 000 years ago
bipedal hominids?
The first living creature to travel on 2 legs (the evolution right before humans)
How many years ago did the first star form?
13.7 billion years ago
How long after the big bang did planets form?
250 million years
What are the 2 stars that form after a stellar Nebula?
- An average star
2. A massive star
What are the 3 stages that come after an average star?
- a Red giant
- a planetary nebula
- a White Dwarf
What are the 2 stages that come after an massive star?
- a Red Super Giant
2. a Supernova
What are the 2 things that form after a supernova?
- a black hole
2. a Neutron Star
How many different ways can a star form?
3
What do stellar nebulas produce?
stars
What are the 2 elements that stars fuse?
- helium
2. hydrogen
What will our sun die as?
a white dwarf
how do we know how certain stars will die?
by it’s mass
What mass does a white dwarf have?
low
What mass does a neutron star have?
medium
What mass does a black hole have?
high
Who discovered that the universe expanded?
Edwin Hubble
How was the expansion of the universe discovered?
Through it’s wave lengths. He saw that throughout the years the wave lengths of the galaxies stretched, indicating that it was moving away
What colour show the most stretched out wave lengths?
red
What happens the galaxies when they move farther away?
They look redder because their wave length become more stretched
What does CMB stand for?
Cosmic Microwave Backround
how long after the big bang did CMB happen?
250 million years ago
What does gamma rays do to people?
give them radiation sickness
What has the shortest light waves?
Gamma rays
What has the longest light waves?
the radio
How was CMB discovered?
Through an antenna company, because the radiation caused interference?
Who discovered CMB?
Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson
What was cause of the interference through the antennas?
Remnants of radiation from the big bang
At what time of day does the sun’s rays become the strongest?
in the afternoon
How is sunlight strength dictated?
through the angle of the object
When is the sunlight the strongest on a plate?
when it’s vertical
When is the sunlight the weakest on a plate?
when it’s horizontal
What angle is the earths tilt?
23 degrees
how do you know which hemisphere is hotter?
the closer the hemisphere is tilted to the sun, the hotter is is
What part of the earth gets the most direct sunlight all year round?
The equator
What parts of the earth gets the least direct sunlight all year round?
the north and south pole
If the southern Hemisphere is experiencing winter what is the northern experiencing?
summer
If the southern Hemisphere is experiencing summer what is the northern experiencing?
winter
How many phases of the moon are there?
8
What are the first 4 phases of the moon? (days?)
- New Moon (0) (28)
- Waxing crescent (4)
- First Quarter (7)
- Waxing Gibbous (8)
What are the second 4 phases of the moon? (Days?)
- Full moon (14)
- Waning Gibbous (16)
- Third Quarter (22)
- Waning Crescent (23)
Why does the moon change phases?
From the different angles of the sun and the shadows of the earth
Do we see different faces of the moon? Why?
no, because the moons rotation is equal to it’s orbit around the earth
Waxing?
growing
Waning?
Shrinking
What side of the moon shows during Waxing?
The right
What side of the moon shows during Waning?
The left
How fast is the earths rotation compared to the moons?
much faster
