Grade 9 Science - Electricity Flashcards
Insulators?
Materials that hold onto ē’s but don’t allow them to move freely through tgem
What’s Conductivity?
The ability a material allowing ē’s to pass through objects
Are insulators or conductors only in one state?
No
What are 5 examples of an insulator?
- Rubber
- Glass
- Plastic
- Pure water
- Rust
What are 5 examples of a Conductor?
Whatever’s metal
What are 5 examples of a semiconductor?
- Mineraled water
- Air
- Human body
- Carbon
- Soil
Semiconductor?
Materials that only allow some movement of ē’s
Why should you not use water to put out an electrical fire?
Because electricity travels at the speed of light so once the water hits the electricity it’ll go through the water back to you within milliseconds of you tossing the water
What’s the most common way for ē’s to be transferred?
Through friction
What is a less effective way for ē’s to be transferred other than friction?
Through contact or conduction
Conduction?
When ē’s transfer from a charged object to a neutral object. The object will than gain the same charge as the charged object that had made contact
If a positively charged object touches a neutral object what happens?
The ē’s from the neutral object transfer to the positively object to help balance the charge. This results in the neutral object now being positive and the positively charged object is now less positive
If a negitivaly charged object touches a neutral object what happens?
The ē’s from the negatively object transfer to the neutral object to help balance the charge. This results in the neutral object now being negative and the negatively charged object is now less negative
Can Static electricity be used to operate electrical devices?
No
What’s needed to operate electrical devices?
A steady flow of electrons
What are the 3 main parts to a circuit?
- The source
- A conductor
- A load
What are the 2 conditions to having a continuous flow in a circuit?
- An energy source
2. A complete path
What’s a load?
A device that converts electrical energy into another form of energy
Current electricity?
The continuous flow of ē’s in a circuit
What else other than the 3 parts can circuit have?
A switch
Switch
A device that manages the flow of ē’s
Switch is open
Off
Switch is closed
On
How do you find energy
By multiplying power by time
What’s energy measured in?
Watt-hours (Wh) or joules (J)
How do you find power?
Divide energy by time
What’s power measured by?
Watts (W)
How do you calculate time?
Divide energy by power
How is time measured?
Hours (h) or seconds (s)
When is time calculated by hours?
When energy is measured in Wh of kWh
When is time measured with s?
When energy is measured in joules
kWh?
Kilowatthours
What does kWh = in Wh
1 kWh = 1000 Wh
How do you calculate cost?
Energy x rate
Rate?
($/kWh)
What’s Ohm’s Law?
The voltage between 2 points of a conductor is directly related to the current flowing through the conductor
How is Ohm’s law calculated?
V= IxR
How do you calculate voltage?
- Multiply resistance by current
- divide power by current
What’s voltage measured in?
Volts (V)
How do you calculate current?
- V/R
- P/V
What’s current measured in?
Amperes (A)
How do you calculate resistance?
V/I
What’s the measure and symbol for resistance?
- olms (weird symbol)
How do you calculate power?
P = VxIg
What’s power measured in?
Watts (W)
How many mA’s are in a A
1000 mA = 1 A
Power?
The rate that a device converts electricity into another form of energy
What’s the function of a battery?
To provide energy
What’s the function of a wire?
To allow ē’s to travel
What’s the function of a switch?
To manage the flow of ē’s
What’s the function of a fuse?
To protect a circuit from damage?
What’s the function of a light bulb?
To convert energy into light and/or heat
What’s the function of a resistor?
To decrease the speed in which energy travels through a circuit
What’s the function of a Voltmeter?
To measure the amount of volts (energy) in a device
What’s the function of a ammeter?
To measure the flow rate of ē’s
What’s the function of a motor?
Converts energy into kinetic energy?
What’s the symbol for a battery?
A long vertical line beside a short one
What’s the symbol for wire?
A line
What’s the symbol for a switch? (Open)
A tiny circle connected to a diagonal line than following another tiny circle
What’s the symbol for a switch? (Closed)
A tiny circle connected to a straight line than following another tiny circle
What’s the symbol for a lightbulb?
A line with a loop
What’s the symbol for a resistor?
Heart beat line
What’s the symbol for a voltmeter?
A circle with a V
What’s the symbol for a ammeter?
A circle with a A
What’s the symbol for a motor?
A circle with a M
Voltage?
The difference in electric potential energy or stored up energy
Short Circuit?
A current that only contains a source and a conductor
What’s the symbol for a fuse?
Same as a closed switch but the line is squiggly in between the circles
Renewable energy?
A source that can be reused or replaced
What are 2 examples of a renewable source
- Solar
- Wind
- Tidal
- Hydro
- Biomass
- Neuclear
What are 2 examples of a non-renewable source?
- Gas-fire
- Gasoline-generator
- Coal
What are 3 benefits of hydraulic power?
- electricity is cheap
- can be used for flow control, drinking water, and irrigation
- is practical for certain communities
What are 2 benefits of fossile fuels?
- fossil fuel stations are easily adjustable and electrically changeable
What are 2 benefits of Nuclear power?
- inexpensive to produce
- efficient with more power less fuel
What are 2 benefits of solar power?
- Convient source for small devices
- useful in remote areas
What are 3 costs of solar power?
- low efficiency
- take’s up large area’s of land
- most expensive source of energy
What are 2 costs of nuclear power?
- poisonous and radioactive
- the plants are expensive to build and to maintain
What are 2 costs of fossil fuel?
- directly contributes to global warming with pollution
- mining for coal is dangerous for miners and wildlife
What are 2 costs of hydraulic power?
- can destroy or disturb land, wildlife, and/or migration routes
- expensive to build
Turbine?
A machine that uses the flow of a fluid to turn a shaft
How do turbines creat energy?
They contain a copper wire. When turned they separate the atoms and transfer them to the copper wire.
Solar?
Renewable
Wind?
Renewable
Hydro?
Renewable
Tidal?
Renewable
Biomass?
Renewable
Nuclear?
Renewable
Gas-fire?
Non-renewable
Gasoline-generator?
Non-renewable
Coal?
Non-renewable
What turns the turbines for fossil fuels, biomass, geothermal, and nuclear?
Steam
What energy source does not us a turbine?
Solar
What energy source is the most expensive?
Solar
What is the original source of energy for nuclear?
Uranium
What is the original source of energy for tidal?
Tides that are gravitationally pulled by the moon
What is the original source of energy for biomass?
Waste of plants and animals
