Grade 10 History - WWI Flashcards
What is a Primary Source?
Evidence directly from history
What are 4 examples of a Primary Source?
- diary
- letter
- court transcript
- music
- photographs
- postcards
- brochures
- live audio
- video recording
What is a Secondary Source?
Evidence produced by historian to communicate to student/public. It is based off of primary evidence
What are 4 examples of a Secondary Source?
- textbook
- newspaper
- magazine article
- Hollywood/documentary films
What is the main difference between a primary and secondary source?
Primary sources are just the observed facts, while secondary sources may contain someones point of view
What are the 4 MAIN reasons that caused WWI?
Militarism
Alliances
Imperialism
Nationalism
Militarism?
The act of building and arming soldiers to prepare for war
Alliances?
An agreement between multiple countries that benefits both sides (mostly used for protection)
Imperialism?
The act of attempting to build up an Empire
Nationalism?
When someone has so much pride for something they will fight to the death to protect that pride
Empire?
The act of a powerful country taking over a less powerful country
What were to 2 main alliances in WWI
- The Triple Alliance
2. The Triple Entente
Who was in the The Triple Alliance?
- Germany
- Austria-Hungary
- Italy
Who was in the Triple entente?
- France
- Britain (Canada)
- Russia
When did Germany make and alliance with Austria- Hungary?
1879
When did Austria-Hungary make an alliance with Serbia?
1881
When did Germany and Austria-Hungary make an alliance with Italy?
1882
When did Russia make an alliance with France
1894
When did Britain make and agreement with France?
1904
When did Britain make an alliance with Russia
1907
When did the Triple Entente commence?
1907
How did the Canadian first feel about the war
Canadian with ties to Britain signed up right away
What was the “War Measures Act”?
The law that allowed the government more control
What were the 4 laws in the “War Measures Act”?
- Restricting certain information that’ll goes public
- establishing more deportation and arrest powers
- More control over transportation and harbours
- More control over trade and production
What was the use of trenches for the war?
It was used to help barricade the soldiers in allowing them to be shielded and to attack on surprise
In the trenches why did soldiers put a coat over their heads when looking through the peep whole?
To keep the who dark so the enemy doesn’t see anything
obsolete?
useless
What happens first in an attack on an enemy trench?
The attacking soldiers throw hand grenades
How many defence lines where their for Britain?
4
What is the most dangerous line of defence?
The British Lines closest to No man’s land
Where and when was the 2nd Ypres happen?
It was in Belgium, Ypres, during April 22-May 25, 1915
Who participated in the 2nd Ypres?
Belgium, Germany, Canada, Britain, France
Why did the 2nd Ypres happen?
because Germany wished to take over Ypres
What were the 2 significance’s of the 2nd Ypres?
- First time attacking using chemicals
2. It’s when Canada was starting to be recognised as brave
Where and when was the Somme happen?
France, River Sommes and July 1 - Nov 19, 1916
Why did the Somme happen?
To Relieve the french army by taking back land
What were the 3 significance’s of the Sommes?
- To help France get revenge
- known as the bloodiest battle in WWI
- Tanks were used for the first time
Where and when did the Passchendaele happen?
Belgium, Passchendaele and Oct 26 - Nov 10, 1917
Why did the Passchendaele happen?
because they wanted Passchendaele and to keep the pressure off of Ypres
Who was in the Somme?
France, Britain, River Sommes, Germany, Canada
Who was in the Passchendaele?
Germany, Canada, Britain
What were the significance of the Passchendaele?
- Canada stole land then Germany stole it back
When and where did Vimy Ridge happen?
France, Viny Ridge and April 9-12 1917
Who was in the Vimy Ridge?
Canada, Germany, Britain, France Vimy Ridge
Why did Vimy Ridge happen?
They wanted the land because it had a land with higher elevation
What were the 2 significance’s of the Vimy Ridge?
- First battle under Canada’s command
- First time Canada shows independence from Britain
When and Where was Canada’s 100 Days?
Belgium, Amiens, Arras, and Canal du Nord August 8 - Nov 11
Why did the Canada’s 100 Days happen?
We wanted to push Germany back and claim their land
Who was involved in Canada’s 100 Days?
Canada, Britain, Germany, Belgium
What were the significance’s of Canada’s 100 Days?
- End of war
- Got Germany to sign Armistice
- Great victory for Canada, upping their reputation
Conscription?
The act of the government forcing people to join and fight in the military
Why was conscription necessary?
because once people heard about the amount of casualties caused by the war they became not wanting to sign up
What were the 5 weapons used in WWI?
- Guns
- Artillery
- Tanks
- Gas
- Airplanes
Artillery?
bombs
What types guns did they use?
- Rifles
- Machine Guns
- Flamethrowers
- Mortars
When was poisonous gas used in WWI?
April 22, 1915 by Germany
When were tanks used in WWI?
In the battle of Somme, July 1 - Nov 19 1916
When did people stop volunteering to fight in the war?
by 1916
Who decided conscription was necessary?
Prime Minister Borden and the Conservative
Who were the 2 people/group that were against conscription?
- Laurier
2. The Liberals
When was the Conscription law put in to place and who was being conscripted?
by 1917 for single men ages 20-35 years old
What were 3 occupations that disagreed with Conscription? Why
The farmer, the unions, and the labour leaders because they need young men to do efficient work so they don’t become bankrupted
In the end was conscription successful? Why/why not?
no, because many people in Canada were against it putting pressure on the government.
Who where the 3 groups that had enough power to go up against conscription?
Anti-conscription candidates in the Maritimes and Ontario, and the Liberals Quebec
When and where was the Christmas Truce?
Dec 24, 1914 on the Western Front on No Man’s Land
How did the Christmas Truce begin?
One man on the British man showed a sign of temporary surrender and met the Germans on No Man’s Land
Who was involved in the Christmas Truce?
Britain (maybe Canadians) and Germany
What are 4 things they did during the Christmas Truce?
- Sang songs
- played soccer
- played foot ball
- played cards
- gave hair cuts
- Sharing gifts
- Juggling
Why was the Christmas Truce Significant?
Because it showed how the lower rank soldier didn’t really have anything against each other, showing the first sign of anti-war
What were the names of the 3 songs that were sang during the Christmas Truce?
- Hanging on the Old Barbed Wire
- I didn’t Raise My Son to Be a Soldier
- In Flanders Fields
What were the 2 main things needed for the troops?
- food
2. weapons
Who took care of the crops during WWI?
the women and teenagers
How did war the 3 effect food?
- Food was a main priority for troop
- Russia being Canada’s enemy meant that they could not exchange food
- Countries in Europe had not food because war destroyed their crops
How did the war help develop Canada’s industry?
by allowing them to gain more ammunition raising Canada’s manufactured goods to $555 million
What were the 3 punishment for citizens that came from the enemies origins
- can’t own weapons or explosives
- Anyone who became Canadian after 1902 lost the right to vote
- Some were even sent to camps
What were 3 things women did at home during WWI?
- took over jobs
- sent supplies and food
- sent funds (if possible)
What were 2 things women could do to help at the battle grounds during WWI?
- Nurses (mainly)
2. driver (uncommon)
Why did officials at first discourage the recruitment of Aboriginals Canadians?
because they help racial views and feared the mistreatment if they were captured
What are the 2 thing aboriginal soldiers were particularly valued in?
- snipers
2. scouts
What was the main reason the government took so long to commemorate the natives contribution?
At the time people were very racist towards them
Who was Tom Longboat and why was he considered a hero?
he was an Olympic runner and he was able to go up against racism and what it stood for
Who was Tommy Ricketts and why was he considered a hero?
he was a Newfoundland soldier and who showed his courage and pride for his country by going up against the Germans knowing it would suicide
Who was Billy Bishop and why was he considered a hero?
He was a gifted pilot fighter who was able to shoot multiple enemy aircraft alone
Who was Grace MacPherson and why was she considered a hero?
She was a brave driver who transported men around the battle field, she showed the men that women can be of use for more than just being a nurse
When did the United states come into battle?
April 1917
What specifically ended WWI?
Germany signing an armistice
Armistice?
an agreement to stop fighting
What as the spark that started WWI?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Who started the WWI?
Serbia
Who was George Price and why is he important?
because he is the last person to die in WWI
Where and when did the Halifax Explosion happen?
in Halifax in Dec 6, 1917
How did the Halifax explosion occur?
it was a collision between a Belgium and French ship. The french ship was holding explosives
Which country had the most soldiers?
Russia
Which country had the least soldiers?
Turkey
Which country had the highest number of deaths?
Germany
Which country had the lowest number of deaths?
United States
What was WWI also known as?
The War to End All Wars
What were the 5 goals of the League of Nations?
- to improve the worlds health and work
- permanent world peace
- Any disputes between countries would be resolved peacefully
- to devolpe an international court of justice
- refuse to trade with threatening countries
Why did the League of Nations not procceed?
because of their lack of power
What was the main connections
that Spanish flu to WWI?
It became prominent in Halifax, the place in Canada that was most effect by WWI
Where and When did the Spanish flu originate
in Rural Kansas in 1918
Who found out where the Spanish flu originated?
John Barry
How many people died form the Spanish flu?
about 20 million
What was the Treaty of Versailles?
It was to decided the punishment that will be inbound on Germany
What are the 4 terms Germany must follow regarding land?
- lost all oversea colonies
- Alsace-Lorraine was given to France
- France kept Saar for 15 years
- other parts of Germany were given to Denmark and Poland
What are the 3 terms Germany must follow regarding Military?
- German army could only have 100 000 men with no tanks or heavy guns
- no air force
- no large ships it navy
What was the term Germany must follow regarding Money?
Must pay 269 000 000 000 gold over 70 years
What was the term Germany must follow regarding War Guilt?
they had to take the blame for starting the war
Germany’s reaction towards the Treaty of Versailles?
they did not like it at all, they blamed their leaders for agreeing to. So they seeked a new leader
Pandemic?
An epidemic of infectious disease
Overcrowded barracks?
When there are too many people within the barracks
Virulence?
How harmful the disease is
Influenza?
When someone is sick with the flu
Halifax/Haligonians?
someone who lives in Halifax
Quarantine?
To be put into confinement to prevent further sickness
Epidemic?
The spread of an infectious disease
Cautiously Optimistic?
When someone is optimistic but realistic
Public Restrictions?
When the government restricts certain information going public
Mortality Rate?
The amount of death within a region throughout a year
What order was the main battles for WWI?
- Ypres
- Somme
- Passchendaele
- Vimy Ridge
- Canada’s 100 days
When was Archduke Franz Ferdinand get assassinated?
June 28th 1914
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
August 1914
When did the Canadian troops first sail to Britain?
October 1914
