Grade 9 Geography - Phisical Changes Flashcards
What does MGC stand for?
Major Geographic Change
MGC?
A major geographic change that suddenly puts the whole earth out of balance and many of its systems in chaos that can be long lasting
What is MGC also known as?
The cause
What are the 4 result of MGC?
- A temporarily dead earth
- Mass extinction
- Collapse of systems
- Great temperature change
What are the five examples of MGC?
- Global freeze
- Super sun burst
- Astroid impact
- Super volcano eruption
- Technology
What does MGA stand for?
Major Geographic Adjustment
MGA?
A long lasting adjustment that a system(s) undergo to return the earth back to close to an equilibrium
What is MGA also known as?
Effect
What are the 7 examples of MGA
- Ice ages
- Change in sea level
- Major volcanic eruption
- Continental drifting
- Orbital change
- Magnetic reversal
- Sun spot
What are the 4 eons
- Hadean eon
- Archean eon
- Proterozoic eon
- Phanerozoic eon
What are the 3 eras?
- Paleozoic
- Mesozoic
- Cenozoic
Hadean eon?
4,550-4,000 mill
Archean eon?
4,000-2,500 mill
Proterozoic eon?
2,500-550 mill
Paleozoic era
550-250 mill
Mesozoic era?
250-65/65 mill
Cenozoic era?
+65/66 mill
Phanerozoic eon?
550-65/66 mill
Global freeze # 1
2,500 mill
Global freeze #2
550 mill
Super volcano eruption?
240-250 mill
Mexico asteroid?
65-66 mill
Physical Geographic change?
Influenced changes in systems and then changes in life
What is the result of the physical geographic changes
Extinction or adaption
What are the two first elements?
- Hydrogen
2. Heliem
A star that explodes is called a?
Supernova
How old is the universe?
13.7 bill
What was the earths original size?
1/10
What happened in the hadean eon?
- many astroids
What happened in the archean eon?
- atmosphere changes
- global freeze #1
What happened in the Proterozoic eon?
- high oxygen atmosphere
- global freeze #2
What happened in the Phanerozoic eon?
- 2x MGC
- many MGA
NED?
Near earth debris
Eon?
A billion years
Era?
A period of time that is associated with a particular quality, even or person
What are the 5 main steps leading to earths creation?
- The Big Bang
- The formation of the first particle
- The forming of the first star
- The supernovas
- Debris merging
What type of forces were released in the big bang?
Fundamental Forces
What are the two first particles that were formed?
- Hydrogen
2. Helium
When was the first start born?
13 billion years ago
How many elements can be in a star?
2-26
After the first supernova how many elements were created?
27-92
What are the 3 things that supernova’s release?
- elements
- gas
- energy
Supernova?
An exploding star
What are the 2 things that merged debris create?
- stars
2. planets
What is the present Universes Temperature?
-271.3 degrees
What temperature is absolute zero?
-273.3 degrees
How long approximately will it take for space to reach absolute zero?
10-12 billion years
Lithosphere?
The rocky surface of earth (crust)
Atmosphere?
The mixture gasses surrounding earth
Hydrosphere?
water
Biosphere?
The life that exists on earth
In the Hadean Eon which 2 spheres were fully operational?
- Atmosphere
2. Hydrosphere
In the Archean Eon which sphere formed ?
lithosphere
What eon showed signs of life and what was it?
the Archean eon and it was the Cyna bacteria
While the universe was forming what caused the planets to grow?
Collisions then merged debris
What percentage does a hypothesis have to be, to be called a theory?
at least 98% accurate
What colour was the early atmosphere? why?
orange, because of the immense amounts of carbon Dioxide
Asteroid?
A large rocky body in space, in orbit around the sun
Meteor?
Smaller rocks or particles orbiting the sun
What are the 5 TIHS colours from least hazardous to most?
- White
- Green
- Yellow
- Orange
- Red
What does TIHS stand for?
Torino Impact Hazard Scale
What was the larges crater to hit earth?
the Vredeford crater
Period?
A time in which a single type of rock system is formed. Multiple periods are comprised to an era
Epoch?
A subdivision of an period
How many landform regions are there in Canada?
7
What are the 7 types of landforms in Canada?
- Canadian Shield
- Appalachians
- Interior Plains
- Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands
- Hudson Bay/Arctic Lowlands
- Innuitian Mountains
- Western Cordillera
Where is the Canadian Shield?
The Southern parts of Nauavut and southeastern parts of Northwest Territories, the northern parts of Saskatchewan and Manitoba, the southern parts of Ontario and all of Quebec and Labrador
Where is the Appalachians?
The eastern areas of Canada, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and P.E.I
Where is the Interior Plains?
The western part of Northwest Territories, all of Alberta, most of Saskatchewan, and the south western parts of Manitoba
Where is the Great Lakes St. Lawrence lowlands?
Where the great lakes are south of Ontario
Where is Hudson Bay/Arctic Lowlands?
The Northern parts of Ontario and northeastern parts of Manitoba, all of Hudson Bay and the Northern parts of Nunavut
Where is the innuitian mountains?
The northeastern parts of Nunavut
Where is the Western Cordillera?
All of B.C and Yukon
What are the 3 types of rocks?
- igneous
- sedimentary
- metamorphic
Which 3 regions have only Sedimentary rocks?
- Interior Plains
- Hudson Bay/Arctic Lowlands
- Great Lakes St. Lawrence Lowlands
Physical Land form Region?
Areas that have a similar type of Land forms and rock characteristic throughout
Which 2 regions have both igneous and sediment rocks?
- Western Cordillera
2. Appalachians
Which region that have igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Canadian Shield
Which region contains all three types of rock?
Innuitioan Mountain
What is the main rock cycle?
Volcanic Activity to Igneous Rock to Sedimentary to Metamorphic rock to Volcanic Activity
