Grade 9 Science - Part 2 Ecology Flashcards
What ate the 2 processes in which causes carbon to enter the atmosphere?
- Respiration from animals
2. Burning fossil fuels
What ate the 2 processes in which causes water to enter the atmosphere?
- Evaporation
2. Transpiration
Transpiration?
When water evaporates from the surface of plants
What would happen if all bacteria and fungi became extinct?
after death animals’ energy would cone to a halt and eventually everything would die off
What are the 2 complementary processes?
- Respiration
2. Photosynthesis
Why is photosynthesis and respiration known as complementary processes?
They both allows needed substances to go to living things just in different ways
Photosynthesis?
The act in which a plant creates food by converting the sun’s energy into chemical energy
Respiration?
The act in which a plant converts oxygen and glucose to carbon dioxide and water
What would happen if plants stopped their respiratory?
There would be nothing to convert our exhaled carbon dioxide to oxygen so eventually we would die of lack of oxygen
Water cycle?
First water evaporates from a wet land or transpires from plants into a cloud. Then the water condenses and transfers the water through precipitation. The water than gets absorbs into the ground creating ground water. Finally it appears back to the wet lands
Carbon cycle?
Starts out in the soil and either gets transferred through fossil fuel burning, reparation or photosynthesis. Then it transfers to a wet land where it slowly sedimentations back go the soil
What’s the word equation for respiration?
Respiration = Carbon dioxide + water
Whats the word equation for photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis = oxygen + glucose
How are similar species able to coexist with minimal competition?
This is done because organisms pf similar species go for separate pray
What are the three adaptations that pray use to avoid predators
- Scent
- Taste
- Colour
Mutualism?
The act of a species benefiting from the activity of another different species.
Commercialism?
When one organism benefits from the other without effecting it
Parasitism?
When one organism benefits while the other is harmed
Abiotic?
a non-living thing
Biotic?
a living thing
nutrient?
Food or anything that gives an organism energy
Photosynthesis?
The act of a plant converting the energy from the sun into chemical energy.
Nutrient Cycle?
The act of exchanging an organic back into the production of living matter
Cellular Respiration?
The act of a plant inhaling carbon dioxide/water and exhaling oxygen/glucose
Reservoir?
A host that can harbour pathogenic organisms without self injury but may cause harm to other individuals.
Energy Pyramids?
a pyramid that demonstrates the level of energy and where the energy goes throughout an ecosystem
Organic Matter?
The matter composed of organic remains
Competition?
a harmful interaction between 2 different species regarding food, water, and territory.
Predator?
The act of an organism that is hunting for its meal
Prey?
The act of an organism that is being hunted as a meal
Predation?
The act of a predator hunting its prey
Symbiosis?
The act of 2 organisms associating which usually results in a mutual benefit for both members
Carrying Capacity?
The max a population’s size can be before the resources start to cause the population to decrease
Limited Factor?
The factor that limits the growth, abundance, or distribution of an organisms population
Ecology?
The science that observes the relation between organisms and their environment
Ecologist?
A person that studies ecology
Ecosystem?
Everything that exist in a particular environment
Carnivore?
An animal that only consumes other animals
Herbivore?
An animal that only consumes plants
Omnivore?
An animal that consumes both plants and animals
Detrivore?
An organism that consumes other dead organism
Decomposer?
An organism that decomposes dead organisms
Primary Consumer?
Herbivores
What level on the food chain is the primary consumers?
level 2
Secondary Consumers?
Omnivores
What level on the food chain is the secondary consumers?
level 3
Tertiary Consumers?
Carnivores
What level on the food chain is the tertiary consumers?
level 4
Species?
A group of organisms that are similar and can reproduce
Population?
A group of organisms who live in one area
Community?
An assemblance of population of two or more different species occupying an area
Niche?
The function of an organism within an ecosystem
Producer?
Organisms that can produce their own energy, in other words plants
Consumers?
Organism that need to consume other organisms to gain energy, in other words animals
Scavenger?
An organism that mainly consumes dead organisms
Food Chain?
A series of living things in which each on uses the next lower member of that series for energy
Food Web?
The totality of interacting food chains in an ecological community or ecosystem
Biotic Factor?
Any living thing that affects the population of another organism
Abiotic Factor?
Any non-living thing that affect the population of another organism
Biome?
A large community of organisms that occupy a distinct region
Biosphere?
The parts of earth that allows existing life to exist
Atmosphere?
The mixture of gasses surrounding the earth
Hydrosphere?
The parts of the world that are composed of water
Lithosphere?
The parts of the world that are composed of rock
What are Canada’s 5 biomes?
- Tundra
- Boreal Forest
- Grassland
- Temperate Deciduous
- Mountain Forest
Sustainability?
The capacity of sustaining a specie future generation
Habitat Change?
A significant change that occurs in a habitat that affects the inhabitants
Overexploitation?
The act of over harvesting a resource to the point where it diminishes
Pollution?
The act of humans creating a harmfully artificial input that negatively affects the environment
Invasive Species
A type of species that reproduces rapidly and enables other species to live in their area
Climate change?
The significant change in a certain climate that impacts an ecosystem
Pesticides?
An artificial chemical that kills unwanted organisms
Heavy Metals?
A highly atomic metallic element that can damage living organisms at a low concentration
Bioaccumulation?
The toxins that accumulated as you move up the food chain
Biomagnification?
The effects of the toxins increase the higher you are on the food chain/web
Biodiversity?
The variability of all living organisms
Genetic Diversity?
The number of genetic characteristics in a species
Extinction?
A species that no longer exists anywhere on earth
Extirpated?
A species that no longer exists anywhere within a certain region, but may be found else where
Endangered?
A species that is near extirpation
Threatened?
A species that is near endangerment if nothing changes
Vulnerable?
A species population is decreasing
What is the order of Species at risk from most at risk to least?
Extinct, extirpated, endangered, threatened, vulnerable
Special Concern?
An organism at great risk
In-situ Conservation?
The genetic resources in an organisms population within a conservation
ex-situ Conservation?
The genetic resources in an organisms popularisation outside of a conservation
Ecological Footprint?
The impact humans have on a certain ecosystem
How does Overexploitation impact the enviorment?
- That resource that was harvested is now gone and will either never come back or will take a very long time to
What are the three negative impact to logging in the boreal forest?
- mining
- oil and gas exploration
- Hydroelectric Development
What ate the 6 factors affecting the risk status of animals?
- Size
- Diet
- Biotic potential
- Range of species
- Range of individual
- Human interaction
Good size?
Small
Good diet?
Herbivores
Good biotic potential?
High birth rate
Good range of species?
Large area
Good range of individual?
Small range?
Good human interaction?
Low
What level on a trophic food chain contains the most energy and bioaccumulation?
The highest organism on the food chain
How does nitrogen help organisms?
By building amino acids, protein, and DNA
How do organisms use nitrogen?
By splitting apart individual nitrogen atoms so they can combine other atoms to form different conpounds
Nitrogen Fixation/nitrification?
The process of converting nitrogen gas into a compound
What is required to do nitrification?
Energy
What are the 3 ways of nitrifications?
- Atmospheric nitrogen fixation
- Biological nitrogen fixation
- Industrial nitrogen fixation
Atmospheric nitrogen fixation?
Occurs when lightning
