Glycolysis Flashcards
What type of reaction is catalyzed by
phosphofructokinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
Where does the citric acid cycle take place?
The citric acid cycle (Krebs’ cycle) occurs within the
mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
How many turns of the Krebs cycle does it take to
completely oxidize 1 glucose?
Two turns since glycolysis normally produces 2 pyruvate.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What must be present for both the Krebs cycle and
the electron transport system to function?
Oxygen
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is the maximum number of ATPs you can get
from 1 mole of glucose?
38
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
Where does the Krebs cycle and the electron
transport reactions occur?
In the mitochondria
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
Excluding any products of glycolysis or the electron
transport system, what are the final products of a
single turn of the Krebs cycle?
4 NADH, 1 FADH, and 1 ATP.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
If the electron transport system isn’t working, how
many ATPs can glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
produce?
4 ATP
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
If glycolysis is working correctly and the Krebs cycle
and electron transport system are not used, what are
the final products produced?
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 Pyruvate
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by glyceraldehyde-
3 phosphate dehydrogenase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by
phosphoglucose isomerase?
Isomerization
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by
phosphoglycerate kinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is the starting product for the Kreb’s cycle and
what compound is necessary for its formation?
AcetylCoA which is formed from pyruvate.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by hexokinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is oxidative phosphorylation?
Oxidative phosphorylation describes a series of electron
transfers that lead to the formation of adenosine triphosphate.
Oxidative phosphorylation is responsible for about 90% of all
oxygen consumed in the body.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate
kinase?
Phosphoryl transfer
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by aldolase?
Aldol cleavage
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817
What type of reaction is catalyzed by enolase?
Dehydration
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by
phosphoglycerate mutase?
phosphoryl shift
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is a phosphoryl shift reaction?
A reaction in which a phosphoryl group is shifted from one
oxygen atom to another within a molecule by a mutase.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
How many ATP will one NADH generate?
3 ATP
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What type of reaction is catalyzed by triose
phosphate isomerase?
Isomerization
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What two enzyme reactions in glycolysis require ATP to function (meaning that they use up ATP)?
Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is an isomerization reaction?
A reaction involving the conversion of a ketose to an aldose, or
vice versa, by an isomerase.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is a phosphoryl transfer reaction?
A reaction in which a phosphoryl group is transferred from ATP
to a glycolytic intermediate, or from the intermediate to ADP by
a kinase. Note: dehydrogenase also is a phosphoryl transfer
even though it doesn’t end in kinase.
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What two enzyme reactions in glycolysis are
responsible for generating ATP?
Phosphoglycerate kinase and pyruvate kinase
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
What is a dehydration reaction?
A reaction involving the removal of water by a dehydratase.
(Enolase)
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
How many ATP does a single FADH produce?
2 ATP
Guyton AC, & Hall, JE. Textbook of Medical Physiology. 12th
ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2011: 813-817.
