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Prodigy Quick Review > Calcium Channel Blockers > Flashcards

Calcium Channel Blockers Flashcards

1
Q

How do calcium channel blockers affect vascular
smooth muscle? How does this affect a person’s
blood pressure?

A

Calcium channel blockers relax vascular smooth muscle,
causing a reduction in blood pressure.
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 203.

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2
Q

Is orthostatic hypotension a common adverse side
effect seen in patients who take calcium channel
blockers?

A

No.
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 203.

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3
Q

In addition to vascular smooth muscle, what other
smooth muscle is affected by the actions of calcium
channel blockers?

A

Uterine, bronchiolar, and GI smooth muscle
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 203.

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4
Q

List the calcium channel blockers that fall under the

category of dihydropyridines.

A

Nifedipine, Nisoldipine, Nicardipine, Felodipine, Amlodipine,
Isradipine
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 202.

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5
Q

Once a calcium channel blocker binds to its receptor,
how does the channel respond to depolarization in
cardiac muscle? In smooth muscle?

A

The channel does not open as frequently, causing a drastic
reduction in the transmembrane calcium current. This results in
a reduction in the SA pacemaker rate, a reduction in the AV
node conduction velocity, a decrease in contractility of cardiac
muscle, and relaxation of smooth muscle.
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 203.

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6
Q

What are the 3 classifications of calcium channel

blockers?

A
  1. Dihydropyridines 2. Phenylalkylamines 2. Benzothiazepines
    Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
    Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
    Wilkins; 2006: 387.
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7
Q

What specific calcium channel is predominant in

smooth and cardiac muscle?

A

The L-type calcium channel
Katzung BG, Masters, SB, & Trevor AJ. Basic and Clinical
Pharmacology. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2012: 202.

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8
Q

List the desirable effects of calcium channel blockers.

A

Decreased heart rate, a reduction in myocardial contractility,
decreased activity of the SA node, reduced rate of cardiac
impulse conduction through the AV node, relaxation of vascular
smooth muscle resulting in vasodilation and a reduction in
systemic blood pressure.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 388.

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9
Q

List common side effects of calcium-channel

blockers.

A

Peripheral edema, headache, flushing, and systemic
hypotension.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 387.

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10
Q

What calcium channel blocker falls into the category

of a benzothiazepine?

A

Diltiazem
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 388.

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11
Q

What two calcium channel blockers possess local

anesthetic activity?

A

Diltiazem and verapamil
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 395.

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12
Q

What calcium-channel blockers are effective in the

treatment of coronary artery spasm?

A

All calcium-channel blockers effectively treat coronary artery
spasm.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 388.

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13
Q

What two calcium-channel blockers exert the most

negative inotropic effects?

A

Diltiazem and verapamil
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 388.

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14
Q

What calcium channel blocker exerts the greatest

degree of vasodilation?

A

Nicardipine
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 393.

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15
Q

Verapamil should not be administered to patients

with what conditions? Why?

A

Severe bradycardia, heart failure, dysfunction of the sinus node,
or AV nodal block. Verapamil has a negative chronotropic
effect on the SA node, a negative inotropic effect on cardiac
muscle, and severely depresses the AV node.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 389.

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16
Q

Why should verapamil be used cautiously in patients

with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?

A

patients
with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome?
Verapamil can augment conduction of cardiac impulses over
accessory tracts through reflex sympathetic nervous system
activity. This creates an increase in the rate of the ventricular
response, which may lead to ventricular dysrhythmias.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 384, 389

17
Q

What two drugs can be used to partially reverse
toxicity caused by an overdose with a calcium
channel blocker?

A

IV dopamine or calcium
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 394.

18
Q

What calcium channel blocker is useful in the
prevention and treatment of cerebral vasospasm that
often occurs with a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Nimodipine
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 393.

19
Q

Do calcium channel blockers potentiate the effects of
nondepolarizing and depolarizing neuromuscularblocking
drugs?

A

Yes. Calcium channel blockers do not have skeletal muscle
relaxant properties on their own, but they can potentiate the
effects of nondepolarizing and depolarizing neuromuscularblocking
drugs.
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 395.

20
Q

What calcium channel blocker falls under the

classification of a phenylalkylamine?

A

Verapamil
Stoelting RK, Hillier SC. Pharmacology and Physiology in
Anesthetic Practice. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and
Wilkins; 2006: 388.

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