GI Flashcards
action of antacids
neutralize acidity of stomach and intestinal contents
indications of antacids
heartburn GERD (on demand relief, NOT prevention) sour stomach indigestion peptic ulcer
adverse reactions of antacids
laxative effect
antacids containing aluminum: constipation
antacids containing magnesium: severe diarrhea
antacids containing calcium: rebound hyperacidity
contraindications of antacids
abdominal pain with no known cause
antacids containing sodium: HTN or CHF
antacids containing calcium: kidney stones
examples of antacids
magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide
action of histamine H2 antagonists
inhibits H2 receptor cells of the stomach, reducing secretion of gastric acid
indications of h2 antagonists
gastric and duodenal ulcers
GERD
prevention of stress related ulcers
upper GI tract bleeding
adverse reactions of H2 antagonists
dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, diarrhea, impotence
examples of H2 antagonists
cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine (no longer produced)
action of proton pump inhibitors
block final step in production of gastric acid
indications of proton pump inhibitors
GERD treatment of gastric or intestinal ulcers severe heartburn erosive esophagitis ulcers with H pylori
adverse reactions of proton pump inhibitors
headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, farts, constipation, dry mouth
contraindications of proton pump inhibitors
osteoporosis from high dose and chronic use
examples of proton pump inhibitors
esomeprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole
lansoprazole
actions of antidiarrheals
decrease intestinal movement
adverse effects of antidiarrheals
minimal effects associated with loperamide. occasional abdominal discomfort
contraindications of antidiarrheals
diarrhea caused by infectious disease (shigella, e coli, salmonella)
colitis
abdominal pain with unknown cause
examples of antidiarrheals
loperamide
class of anti-flatulents
defoaming action preventing formation of gas pockets in the intestine
indications of anti-flatulents
relief of painful gas
adverse reactions of anti-flatulents
none to date
examples of anti-flatulents
simethicone
different types of laxatives
bulk producing emollient fecal softener hyperosmolar irritant or stimulant saline
action of bulk producing laxatives
adds bulk and water to the contents of intestines stimulating peristalsis
action of emollients
lubricate intestinal walls and soften stool
action of stool softeners
promote water retention in fecal mass
action of hyperosmolars
dehydrate local tissue causing irritation and increasing peristalsis
action of irritant or stimulant laxatives
increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine
action of saline laxatives
pull water in to the intestine, increasing pressure in the intestine
uses of laxatives
short term relief or prevention of constipation
adverse reaction of laxatives
dehydration, abdominal discomfort, perianal irritation, flatulence, dependence
obstruction may occur with bulk forming laxatives
contraindications of laxatives
abd pain, nausea, vomiting with unknown cause
signs of acute appendicitis
fecal impaction
acute hepatitis
examples of bulk forming laxatives
metamucil
wheat dextrin
examples of emollient laxatives
mineral oil (enema)
examples of fecal softener laxatives
docusate sodium
examples of hyperosmolar laxatives
glycerin (suppository)
polyethylene glycol
examples of irritant or stimulant laxatives
bisacodyl
examples of saline laxatives
magnesium citrate, milk of magnesia
action of hemorrhoid agents
quick, symptomatic relief
indications of hemorrhoid agents
inflamed hemorrhoids
adverse effects of hemorrhoid agents
atrophy of affected tissues
examples of hemorrhoid agents
hydrocortisone
cortifoam
pramoxine
tux pads
