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Pharmacology > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

action of antacids

A

neutralize acidity of stomach and intestinal contents

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2
Q

indications of antacids

A 
heartburn
GERD (on demand relief, NOT prevention)
sour stomach
indigestion
peptic ulcer
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3
Q

adverse reactions of antacids

A

laxative effect
antacids containing aluminum: constipation
antacids containing magnesium: severe diarrhea
antacids containing calcium: rebound hyperacidity

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4
Q

contraindications of antacids

A

abdominal pain with no known cause
antacids containing sodium: HTN or CHF
antacids containing calcium: kidney stones

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5
Q

examples of antacids

A

magnesium hydroxide
calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate/magnesium hydroxide

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6
Q

action of histamine H2 antagonists

A

inhibits H2 receptor cells of the stomach, reducing secretion of gastric acid

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7
Q

indications of h2 antagonists

A

gastric and duodenal ulcers
GERD
prevention of stress related ulcers
upper GI tract bleeding

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8
Q

adverse reactions of H2 antagonists

A

dizziness, somnolence, headache, confusion, hallucinations, diarrhea, impotence

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9
Q

examples of H2 antagonists

A

cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine (no longer produced)

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10
Q

action of proton pump inhibitors

A

block final step in production of gastric acid

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11
Q

indications of proton pump inhibitors

A 
GERD
treatment of gastric or intestinal ulcers
severe heartburn
erosive esophagitis
ulcers with H pylori
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12
Q

adverse reactions of proton pump inhibitors

A

headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, farts, constipation, dry mouth

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13
Q

contraindications of proton pump inhibitors

A

osteoporosis from high dose and chronic use

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14
Q

examples of proton pump inhibitors

A

esomeprazole
omeprazole
pantoprazole
lansoprazole

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15
Q

actions of antidiarrheals

A

decrease intestinal movement

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16
Q

adverse effects of antidiarrheals

A

minimal effects associated with loperamide. occasional abdominal discomfort

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17
Q

contraindications of antidiarrheals

A

diarrhea caused by infectious disease (shigella, e coli, salmonella)

colitis

abdominal pain with unknown cause

18
Q

examples of antidiarrheals

A

loperamide

19
Q

class of anti-flatulents

A

defoaming action preventing formation of gas pockets in the intestine

20
Q

indications of anti-flatulents

A

relief of painful gas

21
Q

adverse reactions of anti-flatulents

A

none to date

22
Q

examples of anti-flatulents

A

simethicone

23
Q

different types of laxatives

A 
bulk producing
emollient
fecal softener 
hyperosmolar
irritant or stimulant
saline
24
Q

action of bulk producing laxatives

A

adds bulk and water to the contents of intestines stimulating peristalsis

25
Q

action of emollients

A

lubricate intestinal walls and soften stool

26
Q

action of stool softeners

A

promote water retention in fecal mass

27
Q

action of hyperosmolars

A

dehydrate local tissue causing irritation and increasing peristalsis

28
Q

action of irritant or stimulant laxatives

A

increase peristalsis by direct action on the intestine

29
Q

action of saline laxatives

A

pull water in to the intestine, increasing pressure in the intestine

30
Q

uses of laxatives

A

short term relief or prevention of constipation

31
Q

adverse reaction of laxatives

A

dehydration, abdominal discomfort, perianal irritation, flatulence, dependence

obstruction may occur with bulk forming laxatives

32
Q

contraindications of laxatives

A

abd pain, nausea, vomiting with unknown cause
signs of acute appendicitis
fecal impaction
acute hepatitis

33
Q

examples of bulk forming laxatives

A

metamucil

wheat dextrin

34
Q

examples of emollient laxatives

A

mineral oil (enema)

35
Q

examples of fecal softener laxatives

A

docusate sodium

36
Q

examples of hyperosmolar laxatives

A

glycerin (suppository)

polyethylene glycol

37
Q

examples of irritant or stimulant laxatives

A

bisacodyl

38
Q

examples of saline laxatives

A

magnesium citrate, milk of magnesia

39
Q

action of hemorrhoid agents

A

quick, symptomatic relief

40
Q

indications of hemorrhoid agents

A

inflamed hemorrhoids

41
Q

adverse effects of hemorrhoid agents

A

atrophy of affected tissues

42
Q

examples of hemorrhoid agents

A

hydrocortisone
cortifoam
pramoxine
tux pads

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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