antihistamines/decongestants Flashcards
actions of antihistamines
bind to histamine H1 receptors to prevent release of histamine
suppress wheal response and flare response
uses of H1 antihistamines
treatment of allergic reactions. may also be used to treat insomnia, motion sickness or vertigo, urticaria, and as an adjust in anaphylaxis
uses of H2 receptors
bind to H2 receptors primarily in the stomach to treat gastric acid concerns (peptic ulcers/acid reflux)
adverse reactions of antihistamines
anticholinergic effects: increase bronchial secretions, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension, headache
which generation of antihistamine has fewer CNS side effects
2nd generation
what pregnancy category are most antihistamines
class c or class d
action of decongestants
enhancing norepinephrine and epinephrine by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors. induces vasoconstriction of vessels in the upper airway resulting in reduced inflammation and mucus formation
what are the two most common active ingredients in decongestants
pseudoephedrine or phenylephrine
decongestants may cause what through vasoconstriction
hypertension
adverse effects of decongestants
sleeplessness, anxiety, dizziness, excitability, nervousness
long term use of what type of decongestant is not recommended
topical nasal or ophthalmic (rebound congestion)
contraindications of decongestants
use with caution in HYN, DM2, and increased intraocular pressure
what pregnancy category are decongestants
category c
decongestants are typically paired with what other type of medication
antihistamines
