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Pharmacology > Antibacterial PG 905 > Flashcards

Antibacterial PG 905 Flashcards

1
Q

What is it called when something needs oxygen to survive??

A

Aerobic

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2
Q

What is it called when something can live without oxygen?

A

anaerobic

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3
Q

Term for something that is active against bacteria?

A

antibacterial

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4
Q

What is the ability of bacteria to produce substances that inactivate or destroy the impact of the drug called?

A

Bacterial resistance

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5
Q

Term for drugs that slow or retard the multiplication of bacteria:

A

bacteriostatic

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6
Q

Drugs that kill bacteria are called:

A

bactericidal

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7
Q

What is it called when you have an allergy to drugs in the same or related group?

A

cross sensitivity

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8
Q

Definition of Broad Spectrum:

A

drugs effective against both gram - and gram + bacteria

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9
Q

what are normal flora?

A

nonpathogenic microorganisms within the body

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10
Q

the effectiveness of antibiotics depends on these factors:

A

a) location of the infection
b) ability of the antibiotic to reach the site of the infection
c) ability of the bacteria to resist or inactivate the antibiotic

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11
Q

The action of this class of antibacterial is mostly bacteriostatic caused by sulfonamide antagonism to para-aminobenzoic acid.

A

Sulfonamides

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12
Q

This class of antibacterial is used to control urinary tract infections caused by E coli, Staph, including methicillin resistant staph, and Klebsiella Enterobacter.

A

Sulfonamides

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13
Q

Serious adverse reactions include hematologic changes such as a decrease in white blood cells, platelets, and red blood cells in this class of antibacterial.

other reactions include photosensitivity, anorexia, and Stephens Johnsons syndrome

A

Sulfonamides

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14
Q

This antibacterial class should be used with caution in patients with G6PD deficiency.

A

Sulfonamides

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15
Q

Examples of drugs that contain sulfonamide chemical group

A

celecoxib
glyburide
furosemide
acetazolamide

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16
Q

This class of antibacterial should not be used near the end of pregnancy or significant blood levels can occur.

A

sulfonamides

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17
Q

this class of antibacterial should be used with caution with patients with bronchial asthma and is contraindicated for patients with sulfa allergy or G6PD

A

Sulfonamides

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18
Q

examples of sulfonamides

A

silver sulfadiazine: silvadene (topical)

trimethroprim/sulfamethoxazole: Bactrim

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19
Q

the action of this antibacterial prevents bacteria from using a substance that is necessary for the maintenance of the bacteria’s outer wall.

A

Penicillin

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20
Q

some common uses for penicillin

A 
septicemia 
intra abdominal infections 
syphilis 
pneumonia 
cellulitis 
otitis media 
acute sinusitis 
strep pharyngitis
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21
Q

contraindications/warning/caution with administering penicillin

A

history of hypersensitivity.

current mononucleosis infection

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22
Q

This antibacterial class has common adverse reactions including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, sore tongue, or mouth:

A

Penicillin

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23
Q

Examples of Penicillin meds

A

PEN VK
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin/Clavulanate

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24
Q

This antibacterial class is structurally and chemically related to penicillin but will work on bacteria that has become resistant to PCN

A

Cephalosporines

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25
Q

the action of this antibacterial class affect the bacterial cell wall, making it defective and unstable, similar to action of PCN.

A

Cephalosporins

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26
Q

This antibacterial class is used to treat infections caused by strepp staph, citrobacter, gonococci, shigella, and clostridia.

A

Cephalosporines

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27
Q

what is the most common adverse reaction with cephalosprines

A

nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

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28
Q

what is a contraindication of cephalosporines

A

allergy to PNC or Cephalosporin

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29
Q

examples of 1st generation cephalosporines

A

cephalexin
cefazolin
cefadroxil

30
Q

examples of 2nd generation cephalosporin

A

cefaclor
cefprozil
cefoxitin

31
Q

examples of 3rd generation cephalosporin

A

ceftriaxone
cefixime
ceftrazidime
cefdinir

32
Q

examples of 4rd generation cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

33
Q

examples of 5th generation cephalosporin

A

ceftraroline

34
Q

the action of this antibacterial inhibits protein synthesis, which is a process necessary for reproduction.

A

Tetracyclines

35
Q

This antibacterial class is used for treatment of acne vulgaris, rickettsia, malaria prophylaxis.

A

tetracyclines

36
Q

the adverse reactions of this class of antibacterial include GI upset, photosensitivity, and may not be given to children younger than 9 because the drug may cause permanent discoloration of the teeth

A

tetracyclines

37
Q

examples of tetracyclines

A

doxycycline
tetracycline
minocycline

38
Q

This class of antibacterial acts by binding to the cell membrane and causes changes in protein synthesis

A

macrolides

39
Q

common uses for macrolides

A 
community acquired pneumonia
skin infections 
otittis media 
alternative to PCN for Strep Throat 
mycoplasma pneumonia 
chlamydia 
H. pylori
40
Q

Contraindication of macrolides:

A

preexisting liver disease

41
Q

examples of macrolides

A

azithromycin
erythromycin
clarithromycin
teithromycin

42
Q

this class of antibacterial drugs exert their bactericidal effect by interfering with an enzyme needed by bacteria for synthesis of DNA.

A

Fluoroquinolones

43
Q

Common uses of fluoroquinolones

A 
LRI 
pneumonia 
infections of the skin 
UTI 
Acute Pyelonephritis 
Intra Abdominal infections (e.g. diverticulitis) 
STD (not first line, off label use) 
atypical pneumonia
44
Q

this class of antibacterial has been associated with disabling and irreversible serious adverse reactions that have occurred together, including tendinitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and CNS effects!!

A

Fluoroquinolones

45
Q

Patients with no alternative treatment options for the following indications: Uncomplicated UTI, acute bacterial exacerbation of choric bronchitis, and acute bacterial sinusitis are reserved for this type of antibacterial

A

Fluoroquinolones

46
Q

bacterial or fungal superinfections, pseudomembranous colitis, photosensitivity, tendinopathy, possible association with connective tissue contracture is associated with what class of antibacterials??

A

fluoroquinolones

47
Q

What are the contraindications of fluoroquinolones?

A

<18 years old
pregnancy CAT C
HX of seizures
HX of arrhythmias

48
Q

Examples of fluoroquinolones:

A

ciprofloxacin

Levofloxacin

49
Q

This class of antibacterial exert their bactericidal effect by blocking a step in protein synthesis necessary for multiplication:

A

Aminoglycosides

50
Q

This antibacterial is usually used in a hospital setting and its primary use is the following:
primarily gram negative
bacterial meningitis in combo with penicillin or ampicillin
intra abdominal infection,
complicated UTIs

A

aminoglycosides

51
Q

What are some adverse reactions to aminoglycosides?

A

nephrotoxicity
ototoxicity
neurotoxicity

52
Q

what are three contraindications of aminoglycosides?

A

patient needing long term therapy
pre existing hearing loss
lactation and pregnancy (CAT D)

53
Q

Examples of aminoglycosides:

A

gentamicin

neomycin

54
Q

Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes that confer resistance to what?

A

most beta lactam antibiotics

55
Q

this antibacterial drug acts by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to several of the penicillin binding proteins:

A

carbapenems

56
Q

this antibacterial drug is used for sever infections with drug resistant organisms, hospital acquired pneumonia, meningitis, intra abdominal infections, prosthetic joint infection, necrotizing soft tissue infection and pyelonephritis:

A

carbapenems

57
Q

Name some adverse effects of carbapenems smart guy???

A

Head ache, skin rash, nausea, diarrhea, anemia, seizure, renal failure, or C Difficile

58
Q

What are some contraindications of carbapenems?

A

seizure disorders
stevens johson syndrome
renal impairment

59
Q

Examples of carbapenems:

A

imipenem
meropenem
ertapenem

60
Q

This class of of antibacterial is a combo of 3, and it acts by inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms

A

amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole

61
Q

use for amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole

A

Anaerobic bacterial infections
gynecologic infections
intra abdominal infections
skin and skin structure infections

62
Q

what are two antiprotozoal therapies?

A

amebiasis

giardiasis

63
Q

Common adverse reactions to amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole:

A

headache (18%)
nausea (10-12%)
vaginitis (15%)
metallic taste (9%)

64
Q

if you are pregnant in first trimester with trichomoniasis, used disulfiram in the past 2 weeks, used alcohol or propylene glycol containing products during therapy within 3 days of therapy discontinuation, what antibacterial is that a contraindication for?

A

amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole

65
Q

Examples of amebicide, antiprotozoal, and nitroimidazole:

A

metronidazole
tinidazole
nimorazole
dimetridazole

66
Q

this class of antibacterial disrupts protein synthesis decreasing adherence of bacteria to host cells, exerts and extended post antibiotic effect, and is considered a bacteriostatic but a bactericidal against some strains of staph, strep, and anaerobes (such as bacteroides fragilis):

A

Lincosamide

67
Q

This antibacterial is used for MRSA, purulent cellulitis or abscess, pharyngitis, toxic shock syndrome, bacterial vaginosis, bite would (alternative agent, off label use) and odontogenic infections, and rhinosinusitis:

A

Lincosamide

68
Q

GI issues such as abdominal pain, antibiotic associated colitis, clostridioides difficile associated diarrhea, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, nausea, pseudomembranous colitis, unpleasant taste (IV), and vomiting are adverse reactions of what antibacterial?

A

Lincosamide

69
Q

in addition to various GI issues, what are some other adverse reactions to Lincosamide?

A

Cardiovascular: hypotension
CNS: metallic taste

70
Q

contraindication of Lincosamide ?

A

hypersensitivity to clindamycin, lincomycin, or any component of the formulation

71
Q

examples of Lincosamide:

A

Clindamycin

Lincomycin

Pharmacology (25 decks)

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