Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

603 Physiology > GI 1 > Flashcards

GI 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Duodenal Cluster (3)

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Pancreas
  3. Biliary System
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biliary System

A

the organs and ducts (bile ducts, gallbladder, and liver) associated with production/transportation of bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sphincter of Oddi

A

at the jxn of bile ducts and duodenum, controls when bile and pancreatic sercretions are realeased into the lumen of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Parts of the Small Intestine

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Function of Jejunum

A

site of the majority of nutrient absoprtion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Function of the Colon

A

absorb water andd electrolytes, store wastes ad indigestibles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Flow of the GI tract

A

oral cavity –> esophagus –> stomach –> duodenl cluster –> jejunum –> ileum –> colon –> rectum –> anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Pylorus

A

controls outflow from stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Upper and Lower Esophageal Sphincters

A

control swallowing and reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ileocecal valve

A

at jxn of small intestine and colon; one way valve that keeps GI bacteria in the colon and allows other residues from the small intestine to pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Internal and External anal sphincters

A

control defecation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mucosal Plica

A

the folds in the lumen of the GI tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What sits on the folds of the mucosal plicae?

A

Villi and microvilli, to aid in efficient digestion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Label the layers of the GI Wall

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Components of the Submucosa of the GI Wall

A

loose connective tissue, arteries, veins, lymphatics, submucosal plexus [ganglia] (at the base)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Components of the Muscularis Layer of the GI Wall

A

Internal Circular Muscle Layer
Myenteric Plexus (in the middle)
External Longitudinal Muscle Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two main functions of the intestinal epithelium?

A

secretion and absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How often is all of the intestinal epithelium replaced?

A

every 2-5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Types of Cells in the Intestinal Epithelium (6)

A
  1. Intestinal stem cells
  2. Paneth cells
  3. Transit Amplifying cells
  4. Goblet cells
  5. Enteroendocrine cells
  6. Enterocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of cells make up the majority of the intestinal epithelium?

A

enterocytes (secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Paneth cell function

A

secret antimicrobial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What percent of the intestinal epithelium do enteroendocrine cells make up?

A

1%

23
Q

Enteroendocrine cell function

A

secrete hormones

24
Q

Crypt

A

an invagination of the intestinal lumen that has cells of primarily secretion capabilities

25
Q

The enteric nervous system is a branch of what part of the peripheral nervous system?

A

autonomic (involuntary control)

26
Q

What do we consider the extrinsic nervous system of the GI tract?

A

Autonomic Nervous System

27
Q

The Two (2) Main Ganglia of the Enteric Nervous System

A
  1. Myenteric Plexus
  2. Submucosal Plexus
28
Q

Since the enteric nervous system can function as a loop on its own, what do we call those loops?

A

microcircuits

29
Q

What two nerves of the parasympathetic nervous system innervate the GI?

A
  1. Vagal nerves
  2. Pelvic nerves
30
Q

What type of fibers of the parasympathetic system synapse on the GI - pre or post ganglionic?

A

preganglionic

31
Q

Where do the fibers of the parasympathetic innervation of the GI originate from?

A

the medulla and the sacrolumbar region (mostly sacral)

32
Q

Where do the fibers of the sympathetic innervation of the GI originate from?

A

thoracolumbar region

33
Q

What type of fibers of the sympathetic system synapse on the GI - pre or post ganglionic?

A

postganglionic

34
Q

Where do the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic nervous system synapse?

A

prevertebral ganglia (sympathetic trunk)

35
Q

Does the myenteric plexus extend the entire length of the gut?

A

yes (including striated muscle of the esophagus)

36
Q

Primary function of the Myenteric Plexus?

A

motor innervation to the longtitudinal and circular muscle layers

37
Q

Where along the GI tract will you find the most submucosal plexus?

A

small intestine, specifically the proximal duodenum

38
Q

Main function of the Submucosal Plexus

A

secretory control

39
Q

Explain the microcircuit of the intrinsic nervous system

A

Sensory (afferent) neurons receive input (chemo or mechano), sensory fibers communicate with interneurons along the myenteric plexus, motor neurons then carry the signal back to the lumen (result dependent on NTs whether stim or inhibits)

40
Q

Varicosities

A

endings of nerve fibers similar to a motor plate in skeletal muscle, but more multiple swellings that contain vesicles with neurotransmitters

41
Q

3 Main Functions of Submucosal Plexus

A

To Moderate:
1. Secretory Activity
2. Endocrine Activity
3. Blood Flow

42
Q

2 Main Functions of the Myenteric Plexus

A

To Control:
1. Tonic Contractions
2. Rhythmic Contraction intensity

43
Q

2 Types of Contractions in the GI Tract

A
  1. Tonic
  2. Rhythmic
44
Q

Tonic Contractions

A

typically around sphincters, long lasting weaker contraction

45
Q

Rhythmic Contraction

A

strong contractions to propel food along the GI tract and also mix food with digestive secretions

46
Q

What nervous system has fibers that can synapse directly on target cells - pre or postganglionic?

A

Sympathetic postganglionic fibers

47
Q

What nervous system contains 50% sensory and 50% motor?

A

sympathetic

48
Q

Vagovagal reflex

A

both sensory and motor neurons of the vagus nerve communicate with the CNS to coordinate responses to gut stimuli

49
Q

What NTs work with the parasympathetic fibers in the GI tract?

A

acetylcholine or peptides

50
Q

What NTs work with the POSTganglionic sympathetic fibers of the GI tract?

A

norepinephrine

51
Q

What NTs work with the PREganglionic sympathetic fibers of the GI tract?

A

Acetylcholine

52
Q

Long loop reflex

A

the coordination of the enteric nervous system with the CNS in response to fight or flight response or anticipation of food

53
Q

Short loop reflex

A

essentially a summary of all the microcicuits of the enteric nervous system (it communicates with itself to initiate a response)

54
Q

What are some stimuli that can affect the GI tract?

A

CNS influence, physical environment (lumen pressure, distention), chemical environment (pH, nutrient conc.), microbes

603 Physiology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions