Equine Cardio

Question 1

What heart sounds do you ear in a horse?

Answer 1

S1, S2, S3, S4

all are normal

Question 2

What is a split S1 sound?

Answer 2

you hear the AV valves shut at different times - large heart with ventricles emptying at different rates

Question 3

S3

Answer 3

passive filling of the ventricle

Question 4

Normal Horse Heart Rate

Answer 4

24-40bpm

Question 5

Normal Foal Heart Rate

Answer 5

60-80bpm

Question 6

How is vagal tone related to heart rate in horses?

Answer 6

vagal tone decreases heart rate

Question 7

Sympathetic tone effect on heart rate?

Answer 7

increases heart rate

Question 8

Is heart rate affected by level of fitness in horses?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

Reasons HR increases in horses

Answer 9

excitation, fatigue, pain, cardiac abnormality, illness

Question 10

Ways to Measure Heart Rate

Answer 10

stethoscope
ECG
HR monitors/cell phone apps

Question 11

Does pain increase heart rate?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Is recovery rate affected by level of pain?

Answer 12

Yes - slower to recover if painful, d/t increased HR and RR

Question 13

Does HR increase wth different horse gaits?

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

Maximum HR in horses

Answer 14

220-240bpm

Question 15

Does HR have an effect on length of life in horses?

Answer 15

not that we know of

Question 16

How quickly should heart rate decrease after exercise?

Answer 16

by 50% within 30 seconds

Question 17

Cardiac output

Answer 17

heart rate times stroke volume

Question 18

resting stroke volume in horses

Answer 18

1 liter

Question 19

What percent of a horses body weight is blood volume?

Answer 19

8%

Question 20

How much of their blood can a horse pump in one minute?

Answer 20

100%

Question 21

stroke volume

Answer 21

amount of blood pumped by the heart in a single beat

Question 22

Does stroke volume change during exercise?

Answer 22

Not by much if at all

Question 23

Do larger hearts have larger stroke volumes?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

Best indicator of aerobic capacity?

Answer 24

Maximal oxygen consumption (V O2 max)

Question 25

Fick principle

Answer 25

maximal oxygen consumption is stroke volume times the difference in amount of oxygen between the arteries and veins

Question 26

How much of a horse's RBCs are stored in the spleen?

Answer 26

30-35%

Question 27

What is a horse's PCV during exercise?

Answer 27

55-65%

Question 28

What is a horse's PCV at rest?

Answer 28

30-45%

Question 29

Does spleen size vary by breed?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Does heart weight vary by breed?

Answer 30

yes

Question 31

Bohr shift

Answer 31

when you exercise, your temp inc., CO2 inc., pH increases --> curve of hemoglobin saturation moves to the right

Question 32

Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

Answer 32

capillaries are easily ruptured in conditions of high pressure

Question 33

Does blood pressure increase with exercise?

Answer 33

yes

Question 34

What balances out the increase in blood pressure during exercise?

Answer 34

total peripheral resistance (increases blood flow and oxygen delivery to exercising muscles)

Question 35

If not heart attacks, what more than likely causes sudden death in horses?

Answer 35

various arrhythmias (venticular fibrillation)