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603 Physiology > Equine Cardio > Flashcards

Equine Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What heart sounds do you ear in a horse?

A

S1, S2, S3, S4

all are normal

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2
Q

What is a split S1 sound?

A

you hear the AV valves shut at different times - large heart with ventricles emptying at different rates

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3
Q

S3

A

passive filling of the ventricle

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4
Q

Normal Horse Heart Rate

A

24-40bpm

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5
Q

Normal Foal Heart Rate

A

60-80bpm

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6
Q

How is vagal tone related to heart rate in horses?

A

vagal tone decreases heart rate

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7
Q

Sympathetic tone effect on heart rate?

A

increases heart rate

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8
Q

Is heart rate affected by level of fitness in horses?

A

no

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9
Q

Reasons HR increases in horses

A

excitation, fatigue, pain, cardiac abnormality, illness

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10
Q

Ways to Measure Heart Rate

A

stethoscope
ECG
HR monitors/cell phone apps

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11
Q

Does pain increase heart rate?

A

yes

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12
Q

Is recovery rate affected by level of pain?

A

Yes - slower to recover if painful, d/t increased HR and RR

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13
Q

Does HR increase wth different horse gaits?

A

yes

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14
Q

Maximum HR in horses

A

220-240bpm

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15
Q

Does HR have an effect on length of life in horses?

A

not that we know of

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16
Q

How quickly should heart rate decrease after exercise?

A

by 50% within 30 seconds

17
Q

Cardiac output

A

heart rate times stroke volume

18
Q

resting stroke volume in horses

A

1 liter

19
Q

What percent of a horses body weight is blood volume?

A

8%

20
Q

How much of their blood can a horse pump in one minute?

A

100%

21
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped by the heart in a single beat

22
Q

Does stroke volume change during exercise?

A

Not by much if at all

23
Q

Do larger hearts have larger stroke volumes?

A

yes

24
Q

Best indicator of aerobic capacity?

A

Maximal oxygen consumption (V O2 max)

25
Q

Fick principle

A

maximal oxygen consumption is stroke volume times the difference in amount of oxygen between the arteries and veins

26
Q

How much of a horse’s RBCs are stored in the spleen?

A

30-35%

27
Q

What is a horse’s PCV during exercise?

A

55-65%

28
Q

What is a horse’s PCV at rest?

A

30-45%

29
Q

Does spleen size vary by breed?

A

yes

30
Q

Does heart weight vary by breed?

A

yes

31
Q

Bohr shift

A

when you exercise, your temp inc., CO2 inc., pH increases –> curve of hemoglobin saturation moves to the right

32
Q

Exercise Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage

A

capillaries are easily ruptured in conditions of high pressure

33
Q

Does blood pressure increase with exercise?

A

yes

34
Q

What balances out the increase in blood pressure during exercise?

A

total peripheral resistance (increases blood flow and oxygen delivery to exercising muscles)

35
Q

If not heart attacks, what more than likely causes sudden death in horses?

A

various arrhythmias (venticular fibrillation)

603 Physiology (22 decks)

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