Cardio 2

Question 1

How does the pericardium help with pumping?

Answer 1

It helps distribute pressures around the heart –> increases efficiency of the pumping

Question 2

What’s the maximum number of chambers in the heart in any species?

Answer 2

Four

Question 3

What is the function of the papillary muscles?

Answer 3

To prevent eversion of the atrioventricular valves (prevent backward flow)

Question 4

Conduit

Answer 4

transport rapidly at high pressure (arteries)

Question 5

Capacitance

Answer 5

transport slowly at low pressure, for storage (veins)

Question 6

Do veins have valves?

Answer 6

Some present in larger veins (make sure flow is unidirectional)

Question 7

Component of the circulatory system with highest cross-sectional area?

Answer 7

Capillaries

Question 8

What does compliant mean?

Answer 8

Easily distendable with no pressure
Compliance = change in volume divided by change in pressure

Question 9

Are arteries compliant?

Answer 9

No, very stiff, thicker walls

Question 10

Are veins compliant?

Answer 10

Yes, thinner walls, lower pressure

Question 11

If you appply pressure to arteries, what is the maximum increase in blood volume you might see?

Answer 11

10%

Question 12

What component of the systemic circulation holds the most blood?

Answer 12

Venules and veins

Question 13

What component of the systemic circulation has the highest flow velocity?

Answer 13

Arteries

Question 14

Perfusion pressure

Answer 14

Difference between the pressure at the inlet and the outlet

Question 15

Transmural pressure

Answer 15

Difference between the pressure inside and outside the vessel

Question 16

Units of pressure

Answer 16

mm Hg

Question 17

Systole

Answer 17

Contraction, blood leaving the heart

Question 18

Diastole

Answer 18

rest (not contracting)

Question 19

Why does your systolic blood pressure increase as you age?

Answer 19

Arteries become less elastic, so the pressure wave from the arterioles is reflected back earlier

Question 20

What happens to blood pressure as you get further away from the heart?

Answer 20

Systolic pressure increases
Mean and diastolic pressure decrease

Question 21

Highest mean pressure in systemic circulation?

Answer 21

Ascending aorta

Question 22

Lowest mean pressure in systemic circulation?

Answer 22

Right atrium

Question 23

What’s the purpose of blood flow through the lungs?

Answer 23

Oxygenate the blood and dispose of carbon dioxide (flow more important than pressure)

Question 24

Windkessel Effect of the Aorta

Answer 24

The most proximal part of the aorta has a lot of elastin; when blood is ejected from the LV, some will expand the aorta, then when the aortic valve shuts that volume will create more [continous] flow

Question 25

Aortic Aneurysm

Answer 25

weakening of arota over time leads to tears, blood fills around the heart and then you die