Genetics

Question 1

What is genetics?

Answer 1

Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the roles of genes in health and disease (gene means producing, and -tics means pertaining to)

Question 2

When a dominant gene is inherited from either parent, the offspring will…..

Answer 2

Inherit that genetic condition or characteristic. For example, freckles are a physical trait that is transmitted by dominant gene so too, is the hereditary disorder, Huntington’s disease.

Question 3

Sickle cell anemia is..

Answer 3

A group of inherited red blood cell disorders that are transmitted by a recessive gene. When this genius, transmitted by both parents, the child will have sickle cell anemia.

Question 4

When they recessive gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal gene is inherited from the other parent, the offspring….

Answer 4

Will not have that condition

Question 5

What is a genome?

Answer 5

Is the complete set of genetic information of an organism.

Question 6

What is a chromosome?

Answer 6

A chromosome is a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell

Question 7

What is a somatic cell and what does somatic mean?

Answer 7

A somatic cell is any cell in the body except the gametes (sex cells). Somatic means pertaining to the body in general.

Question 8

Somatic cells contain _______ chromosomes arranged into _____ pairs.

Answer 8

Contained 46, into 23 pairs

Question 9

Female chromosome consists of

Answer 9

XX chromosomes

Question 10

Male chromosome consist of

Answer 10

XY chromosomes

Question 11

What is the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes?

Answer 11

A gamete

Question 12

Each ovum (egg) or sperm has how many chromosomes?

Answer 12

23 single chromosomes

Question 13

It is the X or Y chromosome of the (mother/father) that determines the child’s gender.

Answer 13

Father

Question 14

A defect in chromosomes can lead to birth defects. For example, individuals with down syndrome have ____ chromosomes instead of the usual ______.

Answer 14

Have 47 instead of 46

Question 15

What is an genetic mutation?

Answer 15

A genetic mutation is a change of the sequence of DNA molecule

Question 16

What are the potential causes of genetic mutation?

Answer 16

Potential causes of genetic mutation include exposure to radiation or environmental pollution

Question 17

What is a somatic cell mutation?

Answer 17

Somatic cell mutation is a change within the cells of the body. These changes affect the individual, but cannot be transmitted to the next generation.

Question 18

What is a genetic cell mutation?

Answer 18

A genetic cell mutation is a change within the genes in a gamete (sex cell) that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children.

Question 19

What is genetic engineering? Example?

Answer 19

Genetic engineering is a manipulating or splicing of genes or scientific or medical purposes.
The production of human insulin from modified bacteria is an example of one result of genetic engineering.

Question 20

A genetic disorder is also known as a

Answer 20

Hereditary disorder

Question 21

What is a genetic disorder?

Answer 21

A genetic disorder is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

Question 22

What are examples of genetic disorders?

Answer 22

Cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, hemophilia, Huntington’s disease, muscular dystrophy, and phenylketonuria.

Question 23

What is cystic fibrosis? (CF)

Answer 23

Cystic fibrosis(CF) is a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems

Question 24

What is down syndrome? (DF)

Answer 24

Down syndrome is a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental, delays, and physical abnormalities, such as heart valve disease

Question 25

What is hemophilia?

Answer 25

Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.

Question 26

What is Huntington’s disease? (HD)

Answer 26

Huntington’s disease is a genetic disorder that has passed from parent child. Each child of a parent with the gene for Huntington’s disease has a 50-50 chance of inheriting this defective gene.

Question 27

What condition causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife?

Answer 27

Huntington’s disease causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife.

Question 28

What does degeneration mean?

Answer 28

Degeneration means worsening condition. This damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities.

Question 29

What is muscular dystrophy?

Answer 29

Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement.

Question 30

What is phenylketonuria? (PKU)

Answer 30

A rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.