Genetics Flashcards
What is genetics?
Study of how genes are transferred from parents to their children and the roles of genes in health and disease (gene means producing, and -tics means pertaining to)
When a dominant gene is inherited from either parent, the offspring will…..
Inherit that genetic condition or characteristic. For example, freckles are a physical trait that is transmitted by dominant gene so too, is the hereditary disorder, Huntington’s disease.
Sickle cell anemia is..
A group of inherited red blood cell disorders that are transmitted by a recessive gene. When this genius, transmitted by both parents, the child will have sickle cell anemia.
When they recessive gene is inherited from only one parent, and a normal gene is inherited from the other parent, the offspring….
Will not have that condition
What is a genome?
Is the complete set of genetic information of an organism.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a genetic structure located within the nucleus of each cell
What is a somatic cell and what does somatic mean?
A somatic cell is any cell in the body except the gametes (sex cells). Somatic means pertaining to the body in general.
Somatic cells contain _______ chromosomes arranged into _____ pairs.
Contained 46, into 23 pairs
Female chromosome consists of
XX chromosomes
Male chromosome consist of
XY chromosomes
What is the only type of cell that does not contain 46 chromosomes?
A gamete
Each ovum (egg) or sperm has how many chromosomes?
23 single chromosomes
It is the X or Y chromosome of the (mother/father) that determines the child’s gender.
Father
A defect in chromosomes can lead to birth defects. For example, individuals with down syndrome have ____ chromosomes instead of the usual ______.
Have 47 instead of 46
What is an genetic mutation?
A genetic mutation is a change of the sequence of DNA molecule
What are the potential causes of genetic mutation?
Potential causes of genetic mutation include exposure to radiation or environmental pollution
What is a somatic cell mutation?
Somatic cell mutation is a change within the cells of the body. These changes affect the individual, but cannot be transmitted to the next generation.
What is a genetic cell mutation?
A genetic cell mutation is a change within the genes in a gamete (sex cell) that can be transmitted by a parent to his or her children.
What is genetic engineering? Example?
Genetic engineering is a manipulating or splicing of genes or scientific or medical purposes.
The production of human insulin from modified bacteria is an example of one result of genetic engineering.
A genetic disorder is also known as a
Hereditary disorder
What is a genetic disorder?
A genetic disorder is a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.
What are examples of genetic disorders?
Cystic fibrosis, down syndrome, hemophilia, Huntington’s disease, muscular dystrophy, and phenylketonuria.
What is cystic fibrosis? (CF)
Cystic fibrosis(CF) is a genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems
What is down syndrome? (DF)
Down syndrome is a genetic variation that is associated with a characteristic facial appearance, learning disabilities, developmental, delays, and physical abnormalities, such as heart valve disease
What is hemophilia?
Hemophilia is a group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood clotting factor is missing. This blood coagulation disorder is characterized by spontaneous hemorrhages or severe bleeding following an injury.
What is Huntington’s disease? (HD)
Huntington’s disease is a genetic disorder that has passed from parent child. Each child of a parent with the gene for Huntington’s disease has a 50-50 chance of inheriting this defective gene.
What condition causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife?
Huntington’s disease causes nerve degeneration with symptoms that most often appear in midlife.
What does degeneration mean?
Degeneration means worsening condition. This damage eventually results in uncontrolled movements and the loss of some mental abilities.
What is muscular dystrophy?
Muscular dystrophy is a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement.
What is phenylketonuria? (PKU)
A rare genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.
