CH.3 The Skeletal System Flashcards
A newborns skeleton begins as fragile, membranes and cartilage, but after three months, it starts turning into bone in a process called _____________, which continues through adolescence.
Ossification 
Even after growth is completed, this process of new bone formation continues as _____________ breakdown old or damaged bone and ____________ help rebuild the bone.
Osteoclasts
Osteoblasts
________ is the form of ___________ tissue that is the second hardest tissue in the human body.
Bone, connective tissue
Only _____ _________ is harder than bone
Dental enamel
Periosteum is the
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone (peri- means surrounding, oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending).
Compact bone is also known as
Cortical bone
Compact bone is the
Dense, hard, and very strong bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones.
When measured by weight, _________ bone accounts for more than 75% of the body’s bone matter.
Compact bone
Spongy bone is also known as
Cancellous bone
Spongy bone is
porous (“sponge-like”), which makes it lighter and weaker than compact bone
What type of bone marrow is often located within the spongy bone?
Red bone marrow
Bones, with with a large percentage of ________ bone are weaker and more susceptible to fractures
Spongy
What does the term medullary mean?
Medullary means pertaining to the inner section.
The medullary cavity is the
Central cavity, located in the shaft of the long bones, where it is surrounded by compact bone
Where is red and yellow bone marrow stored
In the medullary cavity
The endosteum is the
Tissue that lines the medullary cavity (end- means within, oste means bone, and -um is a noun ending.
Red bone marrow is located within the _______ bone
Spongy
Red bone marrow is a
Hemopoietic tissue, that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes.
hemopoietic means
Also spelled hematopoietic
Pertaining to the formation of blood cells (hem/o means blood, and -poietic means pertaining to formation.
Yellow bone marrow functions as a
Fat storage area.
Most bone marrow is (red/yellow) from birth through early adolescence, after which about half of it is gradually replaced by (red/yellow) none marrow.
Red, yellow
What is cartilage?
Cartilage is the smooth, rubbery, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.
What is more elastic than bone and also makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton such as the outer ear and the tip of the nose?
Cartilage
What is articular cartilage?
Articular cartilage covers the surface of bones when they articulate, or come together to form joints.
What cartilage makes smooth joint movements possible and protects the bones from rubbing against each other.
Articular cartilage
What is the meniscus?
The meniscus is the curved, fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and temporomandibular joint of the jaw
