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Medical Terminology Ch1-15 > Basic Medical Terms To Describe Disease Conditions > Flashcards

Basic Medical Terms To Describe Disease Conditions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is a sign?

A

A sign is objective evidence of disease, such as a fever
Objective means the sign can be evaluated or measured by the patient or others

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2
Q

What is a symptom?

A

A symptom is subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or headache.
Subjective means that it can be evaluated or measured only by the patient.

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3
Q

What is a syndrome?

A

A syndrome is a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.

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4
Q

What is a diagnosis?

A

The identification of a disease (plural, diagnoses).
To diagnose is the process of reaching a diagnosis.

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5
Q

What is a differential diagnosis (D/DX)?

A

Also known as a rule out (R/O), is an attempt to determine which one of several possible diseases is causing the signs and symptoms that are present.

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6
Q

What is a prognosis?

A

A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disease (plural, prognoses).

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7
Q

An acute condition has..

A

A rapid onset, a severe course, and a relatively short duration .

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8
Q

What is a chronic condition?

A

A chronic condition is of long duration. Although such diseases can be controlled, they are relatively cured.

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9
Q

What is a remission?

A

A remission is the temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease without having achieved a cure.

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10
Q

What is a disease?
Ex: what is chronic fatigue syndrome?

A

A disease is a condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally. Some diseases are named for their signs & symptoms.
Ex: chronic fatigue syndrome is a persistent, overwhelming fatigue of unknown origin.

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11
Q

What is an eponym?

A

An eponym is a disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered it or described it first.
Ex: Alzheimer’s disease is named after German neurologist Alois Alzheimer.

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12
Q

What is an acronym?

A

It is a word formed from the initial letter of the major parts of a compound term.
Ex: the acronym laser stands for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

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13
Q

What is a fissure?

A

Is a groove or crack-like sore of the skin.
Also describes normal folds in the contours of the brain.

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14
Q

What is a fistula?
What may a fistula be due to?

A

A fistula is an abnormal passage, usually between two internal organs or leading from an organ to the surface of the body.
May be due to surgery, injury, or draining of an abscess.

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15
Q

What is the ilEum?

A

The ilEum is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.
*ilEum = intEstinE

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16
Q

What is the il(i)um?

A

The il(i)um is par of the hip bone.
*il(i)um = h(i)p

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17
Q

-itis means _________, but it is also commonly used to indicate _________.

A

Means inflammation, indicate infection.

18
Q
  1. What’s an infection ?
  2. Signs and symptoms?
A
  1. An infection is the invasion of the body by a pathogenic (disease-producing) organism.
    Can remain localized (near point of entry) or can be systemic (affects entire body)
  2. Signs and symptoms include malaise, chills and fever,redness, heat and swelling, or exudate from a wound.
19
Q

What is malaise?

A

A word of French origin referring to a feeling of general discomfort or uneasiness that is often the first indication of an infection or other disease.

20
Q

What is an exudate?

A

A fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound.

21
Q

What is inflammation?

A

A localized response to an injury or to the destruction of tissues.

22
Q

What are the four key indicators to inflammation?

A
  1. Erythema (redness)
  2. Hyperthermia (heat)
  3. Edema (swelling)
  4. Pain
23
Q

What is laceration?

A

A torn or jagged wound or an accidental cut.

24
Q

What is a lesion?

A

A pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

25
Q

What is mucous?

A

The adjective mucous describes the specialized membranes that line the body cavities.

26
Q

What is mucus?

A

The noun mucus is the name of the fluid secreted by mucous membranes.

27
Q

Myc/o means
Ex: what is mycosis?

A

Fungus.
Mycosis describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus (myc means fungus, -osis means abnormal condition or disease).

28
Q

Myel/o means..
Ex: what is myelopathy?

A

Bone marrow.
Describes any pathologic change or disease in the spinal cord (myel/o means spinal cord or bone marrow, and -pathy means disease).

29
Q

My/o means..
Ex: Myopathy is..

A

Muscle.
Myopathy describes any pathologic change or disease of muscle tissue (my/o means muscle, and -pathy means disease).

30
Q

-ologist means ..
Ex: a dermatologist is..

A

Specialist.
A physician who specializes in diagnosing & treating disorders of the skin (dermat means skin, -ologist means specialist).

31
Q

-ology means…
Ex: neonatology is..

A

The study of.
The study of disorders of the newborn (neo- means new, nat means birth, and -ology means study of)

32
Q

What is palpation?

A

An examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel the texture, size, consistency, and location of certain body parts.

33
Q

What is palpitation?

A

Is a pounding or racing heart.

34
Q

Pyel/o means..
Ex: pyelitis is..

A

Renal pelvis, which is part of the kidney.
An inflammation of the renal pelvis (pyel means renal pelvis, and -itis means inflammation).

35
Q

Py/o means…
Ex: Pyoderma is…

A

Pus.
Any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo (py/o means pus, and -derma means skin).

36
Q

Pyr/o means..
Ex: Pyrosis is..

A

Fever or fire.
Pyrosis (also known as heartburn) is discomfort due to the regurgitation of stomach acid upward into the esophagus (pyr means fever or fire, and -osis means abnormal condition or disease).

37
Q

Supination is..

A

The act of rotating the arm so that the palm of the hand is forward or upward. (Ex: palm full of soup).

38
Q

Suppuration is..

A

The formation or discharge of pus.

39
Q

Triage is..

A

The medical screening of patients to determine their relative priority of need and the proper place of treatment. (Which of the injured require care first and where they can be treated)

40
Q

Trauma means..

A

Wound or injury. These are the types of injuries that might occur in an accident, shooting, natural disaster, or fire.

41
Q

Viral means..

A

Pertaining to a virus (vir means virus or poison, and -al means pertaining to).

42
Q

Virile means..

A

Having the nature, properties, or qualities of an adult male.

Medical Terminology Ch1-15 (69 decks)

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