CH.2 Human Body In Health And Disease (w/ Ventral Cavity)

Question 1

What are atomic reference systems?

Answer 1

Atomic reference systems are used to describe the locations of the structural units of the body.
Ex: right hand is on the right and left hand is on the left

Question 2

Anatomy is the..

Answer 2

Study of the structures of the body

Question 3

Physiology is the..

Answer 3

study of the functions of the structures of the body (physi means nature or physical, and -ology means study of).

Question 4

What is an anatomic position?

Answer 4

Body standing is standard position:
Standing up straight so that body is erect and facing forward.
Holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward he front.

Question 5

What are body planes?

Answer 5

Body planes are imaginary vertical and horizontal lines used to divide the body into sections for descriptive purposes.

Question 6

The midsagittal plane divides the body into…

Answer 6

Equal left & right halves.

Question 7

The transverse plane divides the body into…

Answer 7

Superior ↑(upper) and inferior ↓ (lower) portions.

Question 8

The frontal plane divides the body into …

Answer 8

Anterior or ventral (front) & posterior or dorsal (back) portions.

Question 9

What is a vertical plane?

Answer 9

An up-and-down plane that is at a right angle to the horizon.

Question 10

What is a sagittal plane?

Answer 10

A vertical plane divides the body into unequal left and right portions

Question 11

What is a midsagittal plane?

Answer 11

Also known as the midline, is the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Question 12

What is a frontal plane?

Answer 12

A vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions. Also known as the coronal plane, located at right angles to the sagittal plane.

Question 13

What is a horizontal plane?

Answer 13

A flat, crosswise plane, such as the horizon.

Question 14

What is a transverse plane?

Answer 14

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) & inferior (lower) portions. A transverse plane can be at the waist or at any other level across the body.

Question 15

Ventral refers to..

Answer 15

The front, or belly side, of the organ or body (ventral means belly side of the body, and -al means pertaining to). Ventral is opposite of dorsal.

Question 16

Dorsal refers to..

Answer 16

The back of the organ or body (dors means back of body, and -al means pertaining to). Dorsal is opposite of ventral.

Question 17

Body directions: proximal means..

Answer 17

Situated nearest the midline.

Question 18

Body directions: distal means..

Answer 18

Situated farthest from midline

Question 19

Body directions: medial means..

Answer 19

Toward or nearer the midline

Question 20

Body directions: lateral means..

Answer 20

Toward the side & away from the midline.

Question 21

What does anterior mean?

Answer 21

Anterior means situated in the front. Also means on the front or forward part of an organ (anter means front or before, and -ior means pertaining to).

Question 22

Posterior means..

Answer 22

Situated in the back. Also means on the back part of an organ (poster means back or toward the back, and -ior means pertaining to).

Question 23

Superior means..

Answer 23

Uppermost, above, or toward the head.

Question 24

Inferior means..

Answer 24

Lowermost, below, or toward the feet.

Question 25

Cephalic means..

Answer 25

Toward the head (cephal means head, and -ic means pertaining to).

Question 26

Caudal means..

Answer 26

Toward the lower part of the body (caud means tail or lower part of the body, and -al means pertaining to).

Question 27

Proximal means..

Answer 27

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of body structure. Ex: proximal end of humerus forms part of the shoulder

Question 28

Distal means..

Answer 28

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of body structure. Ex: distal end of humerus forms part of the elbow

Question 29

Medial means..

Answer 29

Direction toward, or nearer, the midline.

Question 30

Lateral means..

Answer 30

The direction toward, or nearer, the side of the body, away from the midline. Bilateral means relating to, or having 2 sides.

Question 31

Two major body cavities are:

Answer 31

Dorsal (back) and ventral (front)

Question 32

The dorsal cavity contains organs of the nervous system that coordinate body functions and is divided into 2 portions:

Answer 32

Cranial and spinal cavity

Question 33

What is homeostasis?

Answer 33

The processes through which the body maintains a constant internal environment (home/o means constant, and -stasis means control)

Question 34

The ventral cavity is divided into 3 portions:

Answer 34

Thoracic, abdominal, pelvic.

Question 35

The thoracic cavity, also known as the _______ or ______, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs.

Answer 35

Chest cavity or thorax

Question 36

The diaphragm is a muscle that separates the _______ and ______ cavities.

Answer 36

Thoracic and abdominal

Question 37

The abdominal cavity contains the major organs of _________. This cavity is frequently referred to simply as the ________.

Answer 37

Digestion, abdomen

Question 38

The pelvic cavity is the space formed by the hip bones and contains the organs of the ________ and ________ systems.

Answer 38

Reproductive and excretory

Question 39

The term inguinal means…

Answer 39

Relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen. (This includes the groin, which is the cease at the junction of the trunk with the upper end of the thigh).