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BMS109 Cell & Molecular > Genetic Code & mRNA translation > Flashcards

Genetic Code & mRNA translation Flashcards

1
Q

What does thymine pair with in RNA?

A

uracil

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2
Q

Describe the characteristics of the genetic code

A

non-overlapping, universal, degenerate, triplet code

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3
Q

Why is the genetic code degenerate?

A

a single amino acid is made by more than one codon

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4
Q

What is the advantage of the code being degenerate?

A

Tolerance to mutations

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5
Q

What are the most frequently occurring amino acids?

A

arginine, leucine and serine

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6
Q

What are the stop codons?

A

UAA, UAG and UGA

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7
Q

What is the function of transfer RNA?

A

incorporate correct amino acid residues

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8
Q

Describe the characteristics of tRNA

A

adaptor, bifunctional, specific to one amino acid

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9
Q

What corresponds to each codon on mRNA?

A

anti-codon on tRNA

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10
Q

Describe wobble base pairing

A

pairing between two nucleotides in RNA molecules that does not follow Watson-Crick base pair rules

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11
Q

Why does wobble base pairing occur?

A

one tRNA can recognise more than 1 codon

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12
Q

Describe the characteristics of the ribosome

A

mRNA decoder, protein factory, small and large subunits,

rRNA,

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13
Q

What are the three sites in ribosomes?

A

A, P and E

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14
Q

What does the E site stand for in ribosomes?

A

Exit

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15
Q

What subunit catalyses the peptide bond? (ribosomes)

A

large 60s subunit

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16
Q

What is the function of the small ribosomal subunit?

A

codon matching

17
Q

What is the effect of antibiotics on ribosomes?

A

bind to pockets formed by rRNAs and block translation

18
Q

Where do the pockets antibiotics bind to exist (ribosomes)?

A

ONLY in bacterial ribosomes

19
Q

Describe the effect of tetracycline

A

blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to A site of ribosome

20
Q

What is the first step of protein translation?

A

tRNA binds to codon by complementary base pairing

21
Q

What is the second step of protein translation?

A

Peptide bond formation between residue 3 and 4

22
Q

What is the third step of protein translation

A

large subunit translation - A site opens

23
Q

what is the fourth step of protein translation?

A

Small subunit translation

24
Q

Describe how the ribosome moves along mRNA in the fourth step of translocation

A

from 5’ prime to 3’ prime end, one codon at a time, until it reaches a stop codon

25
Q

How is the peptide bond formed?

A

condensation reaction catalysed by peptide transferase

26
Q

What is the effect of stop codons on the ribosome

A

bind a release factor into A site of ribosome, causing disassembly of ribosome

27
Q

What does RNA polymerase allow

A

Simultaneous transcription of genes

BMS109 Cell & Molecular (26 decks)

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