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BMS109 Cell & Molecular > Bacterial Genetics & Gene Regulation > Flashcards

Bacterial Genetics & Gene Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the genetics of bacteria

A

haploid due to single bacteria chromosome

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2
Q

What are the advantages of using bacteria for genetic analysis

A

easy to maintain in labs, gene transfer, mutant bacteria possible

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3
Q

TRUE or FALSE - Bacteria can produce gametes

A

FALSE

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4
Q

What do E.Coli grow on

A

simple liquid broth and solid agar petri dishes

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5
Q

What do wild type bacteria grow well on

A

minimal media

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6
Q

What is in minimal media

A

salt water and sugar

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7
Q

What do wild type bacteria synthesise

A

amino acids and nucleotides themselves

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8
Q

What do mutations in bacteria that block bio-synthetic pathways prevent

A

growth on minimal media

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9
Q

Describe complete media

A

contains amino acids, vitamins, etc

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10
Q

How can you identify mutations in bacteria

A

observe which bacteria grow on complete medium but NOT minimal medium

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11
Q

What is an auxotroph

A

mutants that X synthesise essential nutrients

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12
Q

What does changing composition identify

A

which pathways are affected

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13
Q

What are prototrophs

A

wild types for a specific biosynthetic process - can synthesise

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14
Q

What does gene transfer between bacteria require?

A

cell-cell contact

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15
Q

How do we know gene transfer requires cell-cell contact?

A

block physical contact between bacteria

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16
Q

Describe the direction of genetic exchange between bacteria

A

unidirectional

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17
Q

How is DNA transferred between bacteria

A

Across a physical bridge from donor to recipient

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18
Q

What enables bacteria to transfer genetic material

A

Fertility factor - F plasmid

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19
Q

What is the function of the fertility factor?

A

enables carriers to conjugate with other cells without the F factor

20
Q

What is oriT

A

DNA sequence where transfer begins

21
Q

What do tra genes encode

A

components of transfer machinery

22
Q

What is F pilus

A

cytoplasmic bridge between two bacteria

23
Q

What creates the F pilus

A

transfer machinery

24
Q

Describe the fertility factor

A

Circular DNA

25
Q

What happens when bacteria with and without the F factor mate

A

F factor pulls across entire donor chromosome or fuses with chromosome

26
Q

Describe integration of the F plasmid with host chromosome

A

high frequency recombination event

27
Q

When do Hfr strains arise

A

when F plasmid recombines with host chromosomal DNA

28
Q

What causes the emergence of phototrophic colonies

A

formation of Hfr donor chromosomes

29
Q

Describe feedback inhibition

A

turns down genes

30
Q

How is transcription regulated

A

controlling DNA sequence next to the promoter

31
Q

What do repressors block the passage of in transcription

A

RNA polymerase

32
Q

What is the controlling site in transcription

A

operator

33
Q

How is transcription induced

A

dissociation of repressor from the operator

34
Q

What are lac genes required for in E.Coli

A

metabolism of lactose

35
Q

What is the lac operon

A

cluster of adjacent genes with closely related biochemical functions

36
Q

When is the lac operon activated

A

presence of lactose

37
Q

When is the lac operon inhibited/blocked?

A

presence of glucose

38
Q

What does the lac repressor block?

A

RNA synthesis of downstream genes

39
Q

What binds to the lac operon

A

lac repressor

40
Q

What can bind to the lac repressor

A

lactose

41
Q

What happens when lactose binds to the lac repressor

A

dissociation of repressor from operator

42
Q

What drives synthesis when bound to promoter

A

RNA polymerase and CAP protein

43
Q

What makes up the Trp operon

A

5 enzymes

44
Q

TRUE or FALSE - Trp operon is an activator

A

FALSE

45
Q

What suppresses transcription of the Trp operon

A

biosynthetic product of trp operon encoded enzymes - tryptophan

BMS109 Cell & Molecular (26 decks)

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