General / Misc Law stuff (Law) Flashcards
Who are ECAC, when were they founded, how many member states are there, and what is their objective?
The European Civil Aviation Conference, founded in 1955, made up of 44 member states, whose objective is to promote the continued development of a safe, efficient and sustainable European air transport system.
Who are Eurocontrol, when were they founded, and what are their two principle objectives/responsibilities?
Founded in 1960, they are a civil/military organisation representing the European arm of ICAO, and their goals are to create and maintain a Single European Sky (SES), and to bring about the implementation of the SERA (Standard European Rules of the Air).
Why is the Network Manager, and what is their main responsibility?
The Network Manager is based in Brussels, and their main responsibility is to carry out Air Traffic Flow Management, which is the practice of spacing aircraft out on approach to their destinations to make their landings easier.
Who are EASA, and what are their responsibilities?
EASA stands for the European Aviation Safety Agency, and their responsibilities are to advise Eurocontrol on drawing up SERAs, to perform safety analysis and research, authorise non-EU operators, certify aircraft and components, and approve the licenses of various air traffic services providers, including ATCOs.
What is an ANSP, and what four categories of service must they offer?
An ANSP is an Air Navigation Service Provider, and the four categories of services are: Flight Information Services, Air Traffic Advisory Services, Alerting Services, Air Traffic Control Services, which can further be subdivided into: Area Control Centers (ACC) Approach Control Units (APP) Aerodrome Control Towers (TWR)
What services do ACC, APP, FIC and TWR provide? (6 answers)
Air traffic services, communication services, surveillance services, meteorological services, aeronautical information services and navigation services.
What are the two principle types of document regarding aviation issued by the UK regulatory system?
Civil Aviation Publications (CAPs) and Aviation Information Publications (AIPs).
How are AIPs structured?
Always three parts, starting with GEN (general), followed by ERN (en-route services), and ending with AD (aerodrome services).
What are the key sections of the AIPs we, as ATCOs, should be most aware of?
GEN 1: National regulations and requirements.
ERN 5: Navigation warnings (prohibited, restricted and danger areas).
AD all of it, but particularly AD 2: Aerodromes.
What are the objectives of Air Traffic Services? 5 things.
ATS are there to:
Prevent collisions between aircraft.
Prevent collisions between aircraft and other things which aren’t aircraft.
Expidite and maintain an orderly flow of traffic.
Provide advice and information useful for the safe and efficient conduct of flights.
Notify appropriate organisations regarding aircraft in need of search and rescue aid, and assist such organisations as required.
In what circumstances, according to ICAO, shall a flight plan be submitted? 6 answers.
1: When operating any flight, or portion thereof, which will receive ATC services.
2: When operating any IFR flight through advisory airspace.
3: When operating a flight into or along such routes as the local competent authority deems to be advisory only airspace.
4: When operating any flight into or within an area or route requiring the co-operation of either the military or ATC units from other countries.
5: When operating a flight which will cross international borders, unless an overriding agreement exists.
6: When operating any flight which will leave the vicinity of an aerodrome at night.
At what time shall a flight plan be submitted?
No more than 120 hours before off-blocks time, at least 60 minutes before departure, and, if created or altered en-route, at least 10 minutes before the flight will enter a control area or cross an international border.
How large do discrepancies from the flight plan need to get before they must be reported?
Speeds more than 5% different from the plan must be reported, as well as timing errors of greater than 2 minutes.
What are the 5 messages which can be sent in relation to flight plans, what are their codes, and what do they mean?
DEP is the departure message, which tells the system the aircraft has departed its origin aerodrome successfully.
DLA is the delay message, which indicates that something still hasn’t moved by the point of 30 minutes after off-block time (15 minutes in Europe).
ARR is the arrival message, which is sent after the aircraft arrives at ANY aerodrome, including a diversionary aerodrome. This means the original intended aerodrome doesn’t have to keep looking out for them.
CHG is the alteration message, in which any intended changes to the flight plan must be communicated as soon as possible.
CNL is the cancellation message, if the flight is cancelled after the flight plan has been submitted.
When is an aircraft considered to be “in the vicinity” of an aerodrome?
An aircraft is in the vicinity of an aerodrome when it is in, entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit. Aircraft in the vicinity of an aerodrome will observe other aerodrome traffic for the purpose of avoiding a collision.
How should clearances be formatted?
Call sign of aircraft Limit of clearance Route of flight Levels or level changes Anything else needed
When must clearances be obtained by aircraft?
Before operating any controlled flight, or portion thereof.
