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Clinical Pharmacology > Gastrointestinal > Flashcards

Gastrointestinal Flashcards

1
Q

Antacid example

A

Aluminum hydroxide

Magnesium Carbonate

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2
Q

Alginic acid example

A

Sodium Alginate

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3
Q

Alginic acid MoA

A

Increase stomach content and viscosity

reduce reflex

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4
Q

Protein pump inhibitor example

A

Lansoprazole or Omeprazole

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5
Q

PPI MoA

A

Irreversibly inhibits H/K ATPase in gastric parietal cells

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6
Q

PPI warnings

A

Masks oesophageal cancer

increases risk of osteoporosis

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7
Q

Omeprazole CYP interaction

A

CYP inhibitor

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8
Q

H2 receptor antagonist example

A

Ranitidine (recalled- carcinogenic)

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9
Q

H2 receptor antagonist Ranitidine MoA

A

Inhibits H2 on parietal cell

decrease acid secretion

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10
Q

H pylori treatment

A

PPI + 2 antibacterial

Lansoprazole + clarithromycin + amoxicillin (metronidazole)

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11
Q

Aminosalicylates example

A

Mesalazine

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12
Q

Aminosalicylates MoA

A

Release 5-aminosalyic acid (anti-inflammatory) in colon
topical due to enteric coated tablets
First line ulcerative collitus

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13
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagonist (CTZ) example

A

Hyoscine hydrobromide

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14
Q

Muscarinic receptor antagnist Hyoscine Hydrobromide MoA

A

Blocks mAChR in the vestibular nucleus at CTZ

motion sickness

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15
Q

H1 receptor antagonist Vestibular nuclei example

A

Cyclazine, Promethazine

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16
Q

H1 receptor antagonist MoA

A

blocks H1 receptor at vestibular nuclei

inhibits histaminergic signals from vestibular nuclei to CTZ in medulla

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17
Q

H1 receptor antagonist Cyclazine/Promethazine warnign

A

Old women & children- confusion and disorientation

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18
Q

5HT3 receptor antagonist

A

Ondansetron - 1st line emesis

19
Q

5HT3 receptor antagonist MoA

A

Peripheral- GIT reduces motility and secretions

Central- CTZ inhibited

20
Q

5HT3 receptor antagonist ADR

A

Long QT syndrome

21
Q

D2 receptor antagonists GIT example

A

Metoclopramide

22
Q

D2 receptor antagonist GIT MoA

A 
Increase ACh at mACHR in GIT 
increase LOS tone 
increase tone and ampliutde of gastric contractions
Decerase pylorus tone
Increase peristalsis
23
Q

Metoclopramide use

A

Ileus

GORD

24
Q

Metoclopramide ADR

A

Galactorrhea

Extra-pyramidal

25
Q

D2 receptor antagonist CTZ example

A

Prochlorperazine

26
Q

Prochlorperazine MoA

A

acts on CTZ- d2 antagonist

Blocks H1 and muscarinic receptors

27
Q

Corticosteroid CTZ example

A

Dexamethasone

28
Q

Dexamethasone MoA - CTZ

A

Assumed to act on CTZ

29
Q

Dexamethasone indications

A

Perioperative nausea and vomiting
Chemotherpay
palliation

30
Q

Cannabinoids example

31
Q

Cannabinoids MoA

A

Acts on CTZ

last line chemotherpay

32
Q

Neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist example

A

aprepitant

33
Q

Aprepitant MoA

A

prevent substance P at CTZ and peripheral nerves
boosts effects of 5HT receptor antagonists (use together)
Anxiolytic and antidepressant properties

34
Q

Aprepitant uses

A

Chemotherapy- delayed emesis

35
Q

Morning sickness (hyperemesis Gravidarium)

A

Promethazine or Prochloperzine
+ metoclopramide
+ Ondansetron

36
Q

Ondansetron 1st trimester risk

A

Cleft palate/ lip

37
Q

Chemotherapy

A

Dexamethasone
+ Ondensatron
+ Aprepitant

38
Q

Opioid receptor agonist (diarrhoea) example

A

Loperamide, Codeine, morphine

39
Q

Opioid receptor agonist (diarrhoea) MoA

A

Loperamide specific to U receptors in myenteric plexus
decrease tone of smooth muscle
reduced peristalsis
decrease colonic mass movement

40
Q

Osmotic laxative examples

A

Lactulose- draws in water

Movicol and Cosmocol- retain water they came with

41
Q

Stimulate laxative examples

A

Bisacodyl

Docusate Sodium- stool softener too

42
Q

Bulk forming laxatives

A

Ispaghula Husk

extra fibre, soften and bulk stool

43
Q

Stool softners

A

Glycerin suppository
docusate sodium- decrease surface tension of stool, allowing water and fat to bind to and soften hard stools. So increases comfort.

Clinical Pharmacology (18 decks)

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