Antimicrobials Flashcards
Penicillins & Cephalosporin MoA
B lactams
Binds penicillin binding protein
inhibits transpeptidation enzyme
disrupts bacterial cell wall
Co-amoxiclav
clavulanic acid - B lactamase inhibitor
Amoxcillin
Pencillin use
wide range
Cephalosporin examples
Ceftriaxone
Cefalexin
Cephalosporins uses
UTIs in pregnancy (non teratogenic)
Sepsis
pneumonia
Meningitis
Tetracycline example
Doxycycline
Tetracycline MoA
Bacterial protein synthesis
bind to bacterial ribosomes preventing tRNA binding
Tetracycline warning
Do not give to children <12, pregnant or breast feeding women
Stains teeth
Macrolides example
Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
Macrolide MoA
effects ribosomal translocation
Nitrofurantoin MoA
reduced by nitrofuran reductase to intermediates which attack ribosomal and DNA proteins
Inhibit citric acid cycle
Nitrofurantoin use
1st line UTI- 50% of dose extreted in urine
Quinolones example
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
Quinolones MoA
Inhibit topoisomerase II - prevents negative supercoil of DNA
Quinolones uses
Complicated UTI
Gonorrhoea
Quinolones ADRs
Tendinitis
Aortic dissection
Convulsions
Trimethoprim MoA
Reversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
Stronger affnity for bacterial dihydrofolate
Trimethoprim use
UTI (careful for women of reproductive age- terratogenic)
Aciclovir MoA
Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
Activated in infected cells- viral enzyme thymidine more effective
Aciclovir uses
Herpes simplex virus
Varicella Zoster