Antimicrobials

Question 1

Penicillins & Cephalosporin MoA

Answer 1

B lactams
Binds penicillin binding protein
inhibits transpeptidation enzyme
disrupts bacterial cell wall

Question 2

Co-amoxiclav

Answer 2

clavulanic acid - B lactamase inhibitor

Amoxcillin

Question 3

Pencillin use

Answer 3

wide range

Question 4

Cephalosporin examples

Answer 4

Ceftriaxone

Cefalexin

Question 5

Cephalosporins uses

Answer 5

UTIs in pregnancy (non teratogenic)
Sepsis
pneumonia
Meningitis

Question 6

Tetracycline example

Answer 6

Doxycycline

Question 7

Tetracycline MoA

Answer 7

Bacterial protein synthesis

bind to bacterial ribosomes preventing tRNA binding

Question 8

Tetracycline warning

Answer 8

Do not give to children <12, pregnant or breast feeding women
Stains teeth

Question 9

Macrolides example

Answer 9

Clarithromycin, Erythromycin

Question 10

Macrolide MoA

Answer 10

effects ribosomal translocation

Question 11

Nitrofurantoin MoA

Answer 11

reduced by nitrofuran reductase to intermediates which attack ribosomal and DNA proteins
Inhibit citric acid cycle

Question 12

Nitrofurantoin use

Answer 12

1st line UTI- 50% of dose extreted in urine

Question 13

Quinolones example

Answer 13

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

Question 14

Quinolones MoA

Answer 14

Inhibit topoisomerase II - prevents negative supercoil of DNA

Question 15

Quinolones uses

Answer 15

Complicated UTI

Gonorrhoea

Question 16

Quinolones ADRs

Answer 16

Tendinitis
Aortic dissection
Convulsions

Question 17

Trimethoprim MoA

Answer 17

Reversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase

Stronger affnity for bacterial dihydrofolate

Question 18

Trimethoprim use

Answer 18

UTI (careful for women of reproductive age- terratogenic)

Question 19

Aciclovir MoA

Answer 19

Inhibits viral DNA polymerase

Activated in infected cells- viral enzyme thymidine more effective

Question 20

Aciclovir uses

Answer 20

Herpes simplex virus

Varicella Zoster