Anaesthetic

Question 1

Minimum alveolar concentration MAC

Answer 1

Volatile anaesthetic potency

Alveolar conc at which 50% of subjects fail to move to surgical stimulus

Question 2

Inhalation anaesthetic examples

Answer 2

Nitrous oxide
Halothane
Isoflurane
Desflurane

Question 3

Factors affecting MAC

Answer 3

Age
Increase: 
Hyperthermia 
Pregnancy 
Alcoholism 
Stimulants 
Decrease: nitrous oxide and opioids

Question 4

At equilibrium alveolar conc =

Answer 4

Spinal cord conc

Question 5

Anaesthetic MoA

Answer 5

Potentiates GABA- hyperpolarisation
Anaesthesia
Anxiolytics
Sedation

Question 6

General Anaesthetics that don’t potentiate GABA

Answer 6

Xe, NO, ketamine

Question 7

Anaesthetic effect on brain circuitry

Answer 7

Depress reticular formation
Hippocampus depressed
Spinal cord depresses
Brainstem depressed

Question 8

Blood: gas partition

Answer 8

Low value- low solubility = fast induction and recovery

E.g. desflurane

Question 9

Oil: gas partition (fat)

Answer 9

Increased lipid solubility = increased potency

Determines potency

Question 10

IV anaesthetic examples

Answer 10

Propofol, barbiturates, ketamine

Question 11

IV anaesthetic potency

Answer 11

Described by plasma concentration to achieve specific end point e.g. loss of eyelash reflex

Question 12

Local anaesthetic examples

Answer 12

Lidocaine, procaine

Question 13

Local anaesthetic MoA

Answer 13

Block Na channels
Use dependent - block active channels
Blocks small myelinated nerves in preference- nociceptive and sympathetic block
A

Question 14

General anaesthetic side effects

Answer 14

Chest infection
Hypotension
Nausea and vomiting
Cognitive dysfunction