Gas Exchange Flashcards
What is BMR?
Basal Metabolic Rate, is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest
What processes are accounted for in BMR?
Breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, contraction of muscles
What are endothermic animals?
maintains stable body temperature, must generate their own body heat sometimes. = Higher metabolic rate therefore must eat more
What are ectothermic animals?
body temperature changes with the environment
What is ventilation?
bringing gases to or from a gas exchange surface; usually a mechanical process; only happens in some multicellular organisms.
What is gas exchange?
process by which gases cross a gas exchange surface; happens in all organisms.
What is respiration?
metabolic pathway that releases chemical energy from food molecules; happens in all organisms.
Birds gas exchange system?
lungs and air sacs (air sacs allow for one-way flow of gases
What is counter current flow?
The movement of water and blood in opposite directions across gill lamellae.
What do gill filaments do?
create a larger surface area for increased gas absorption and exchange
Why do fish have a one-way flow system?
it requires less energy so is more efficient because flow does not have to be reversed as water is more dense
Buccal ventilation involves what?
using cheek muscles to force water over gills
Ram ventilation involves what?
swimming with mouths open forcing water over gills
How does Buccal Ventilating work to take in water? (opposite to force out water)
mouth opens, operculum closes, floor to mouth is lowered, volume of buccal cavity increases, pressure inside the buccal cavity decreases, water flows from area of high pressure outside mouth to area of low pressure inside mouth
What do insects have that can allow them to carry out efficient gas exchange?
spiracles to trachea to tracheoles to muscles
