Cell Structure Flashcards
What are the 3 different types of cell?
prokaryotic, eukaryotic, akaryotic
What are prokaryotes?
all bacteria
what are eukaryotes?
animals and plants
what are akaryotes?
all viruses (non-cellular or acellular)
What are the 2 types of microscope?
Light microscope and electron microscope
What is resolution?
the ability to see objects as separate from one another
What is the resolution of a light microscope?
about 0.2 micrometres (μm)
What is the resolution of an electron microscope?
0.1 nanometres (nm)
What is the conversion of nanometres to micrometres
1,000 nm = 1μm
What is the conversion of micrometres to millimetres?
1,000μm = 1mm
What is the conversion of millimetres to centimetres?
10mm=1cm
What is the conversion of centimetres to metres?
100cm=1m
What are internal cell membranes?
the membranes of organelles
What are the general functions of internal cell membranes?
Providing a transport system, allowing substances in or out
Separating areas from the rest of the cytoplasm (compartmentalisation)
providing a large surface area for attachment of enzymes and other reactants
What is another function of the internal cell membranes of mitochondria?
ATP synthesis
What is the function of the plasma membrane?
controls entry and exit of substances in and out of cells
What is the function of the golgi body?
packages and modifies proteins prior to secretion
What is the function of the nucleus?
contains chromatin and controls activities of the cell
What is the function of the nuclear envelope?
barrier between nucleus and cytoplasm
has nuclear pores
What is the function of the nucleolus?
site of ribosomal RNA synthesis
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
site of protein synthesis
What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
site of lipid and steroid synthesis
What is the function of the lysosome?
contain hydrolytic enzymes used in secretion and phagocytosis
break down excess or worn out cell parts, attack virus/bacteria
What is the function of the mitochondrion?
energy release ? ATP production during cell respiration
What is the function of the ribosomes?
protein synthesis and transport
What is the function of the centrioles?
used in spindle formation in cell division
What is the function of the chloroplast?
site of photosynthesis
What is the function of the plant cell vacuole?
storage site in plant cells