GA: Scalp + Superficial Face

Question 1

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Answer 1

S - skin

C - connective tissue (dense) –> highly vascularized (bleeds a ton)

A - Aponeurosis

L - Loose connective tissue

P - Pericranium

Question 2

In the scalp, how does the neurovascular supply form?

Answer 2

From inferior –> superior

Question 3

What is the difference between a gaping wound in the scalp and a non-gaping wound?

Answer 3

Gaping = go through aponeurosis to loose connective tissue

Question 4

When is a scalp infection really dangerous and can spread quickly?

Answer 4

If it gets into the loose connective tissue layer

Question 5

What nerve opens the eye?

Answer 5

CN 3

Question 6

What nerve closes the eye?

Answer 6

CN 7

Question 7

What innervates the muscles of facial expression?

Answer 7

Facial N. (CN VII)

Question 8

What nerve passes through the parotid gland?

Answer 8

Facial N.

Question 9

What are the major muscles of facial expression?

Answer 9

Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi (closes eye), Levator labii superioris, Zygomaticus (smile), Risorius, Orbicularis oris, Platysma, Buccinator

Question 10

What inervates the muscles of mastication?

Answer 10

CN V3 (mandibular part of trigeminal N.)

Question 11

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 11

Temporalis + Masseter (feel when you clench jaw)

Pterygoid (medial + lateral)

Question 12

What are the branches of the facial N. (motor portion)?

*put hand on face*

Answer 12

Tiny Zebra Bit My Cock

T - Temporal

Z - Zygomatic

B - Buccal

M - Mandibular

C - Cervical

Question 13

What does the sensory root of the facial nerve innervate?

Answer 13

Taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue w/ chorda tympani + submandibular/sublingual salivary glands (para)

Question 14

The lacrimal gland makes tears and is innervated by what parasympathetic N.?

Answer 14

Greater Protrosal N.

Question 15

What causes Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 15

A lesion or damage to the facial N.

Question 16

Which side is affected in this Bell’s Palsy patient?

Answer 16

Left side (of patient) –> he cannot wrinkle his head or smile

Question 17

What does the trigeminal nerve (CN V) provide sensation to?

Answer 17

Cutaneous sensation of face

Question 18

What nerves come off of opthalmic (V1) branch + what general sensation is it?

Answer 18

Supratrochlear + Supraorbital

Innervates: bridge of nose, upper eyelid, cornea

Question 19

Name which nerve innervates which area of the face.

Answer 19

Question 20

The maxillary (V2) N. innervates what and has what branch?

Answer 20

Infraorbital N.

Sensation = sides of nose, cheek, lower eyelid

Question 21

The mandibular (V3) N. innervates what and has which branches?

Answer 21

Mental (Inferior Alveolar) + Buccal

Chin + teeth? + lateral face

Question 22

Why does the face heal so well after plastic surgery?

Answer 22

Because of all it’s anastomses of blood vessels

Question 23

What innervates the parotid gland?

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal N. (IX)

Question 24

What blood vessels in the face come off of the ECA?

Answer 24

Facial A. + V.

Superficial Temporal

Transverse Facial A. + V.

Infraorbital A. + V. (maxillary 1st)

Question 25

What arteries come off the ICA in the face?

Answer 25

Supraorbital A. + V.

Supratrochlear A. + V.

Question 26

In herpes zoster (shingles) the virus stays dormant in sensory ganglia of CN V for years. If it breaks out in any of the diffrent areas where would it go?

Answer 26

If V1 outbreaks ( 1st picture)

V2 + V3

Question 27

In lymphatic drainage, the superficial lymph nodes (submental, submandibular, parotid, mastoid, occipital) all drain into what?

Answer 27

Deep cervical L.N.’s (also known as jugulo-diagastric/jugulo-omohyoid)

Question 28

Diagnosis?

Explanation for condition?

Answer 28

Trigeminal Neuralgia (Tic doulourex)

Something is compressing CN V and pain follows its distribution

Question 29

Diagnosis?

Cause?

Answer 29

Bell’s Palsy

Dysfunction of CN VII