GA: Cervical Endocrine + Pulm + GE Flashcards
Aberrant Thryoid Glandular tissue can be seen anywhere along the embryonic ________.
Thryoglossal duct
What happens if you have a thryoglossal duct cyst?
This is a cyst forming along the thryoglossal duct as the thyroid gland descends to the lower part of the neck. Cysts can cause issues with the hyoid bone and swallowing and may need to be surgically removed.
What is an accessory thyroid gland?
Additional thyroid glandular tissue that has formed along the thyroglossal duct.
What is the deal with the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland?
50% of thyroid glands have them
What is a potential source of bleeding during a tracheostomy/cricothyrotomy?
The presence of a thyroid ima artery coming off the brachiocephalic trunk, aorta, or common carotid and traveling superiorly in the midline to the thyroid gland.
What is enlargement of the thyroid gland called?
Goiter (caused by excess thyroid hormones + can buldge out eyeballs)
What is a thyroidectomy?
When you remove the thyroid gland as a potential treatment for hyperthyroidism. This is hard to do because of the rich blood supply + laryngeal nerves.
What happens when you aspirate a foreign body?
The laryngeal muscles will spasm –> preventing air from reaching the lungs.
Heimlich maneuver can force air out of lungs and dislodge the obstruction.
When would you preform a cricothyrotomy?
In an emergency where intubation is not possible.
This is where you pass a large needle through the criciothyroid membrane to permit the entry of air.
When would you preform a tracheostomy?
To establish an airway in a non-emergent situation.
You go in through the 2nd or 3rd tracheal rings, separte the infrahyoid muscles and remove or retract the isthmus of the thyroid gland to insert a tube into the trachea.
What happens to the larynx as you age?
The larynx grows steadily until age 3, then it slows. At puberty, testosterone causes the male laryngeal cartilages to enlarge. Then, as they get to age 65 they may even calcify.
What is a risk factor for developing cancer of the larynx?
Smoking
If you have larynx cancer, they probably have to remove it and therefore you might lose your voice. What do you use to speak now?
Electrolarynx
Tracheoesophageal Prothesis
Esophageal speech
What is a brachial Fistula?
Patency of remnants of the 2nd pharyngeal pouch and 2nd pharyngeal groove.
Forms a canal from the tonsils –> side of neck.
What is a branchial sinus?
Caused from embryonic cervical sinus failing to disappear.
Its an opening anywhere along the anterior SCM muscle
*communicates externally but not internally*
What is a brachial cyst?
*Does not communicate externally OR internally*
Caused from embryonic cervical sinus not disappearing
Can result in complications, cause it is close to hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and spinal accessory nerves.
What is connected in a tracheoesophageal fistula?
Congenital anomaly, where usually the esophagus ends in a blind ended pouch and the stomach communicates with the trachea.
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx (air + food/liquid)
- Oropharynx
- Laryngopharynx (only food)
