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Neuro Test 1 > GA: Eye + Eye Movements > Flashcards

GA: Eye + Eye Movements Flashcards

1
Q

Look at the bones that make up the orbit

A
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2
Q

Where is there most likely to be breakage in an orbital blowout fracture?

A

Usually medially and inferiorly w/ the maxillary bone.

Orbital contents can prolapse and end up in the maxillary sinus

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3
Q

How are the eyeballs positioned within the skull?

A

medial walls of orbit = parallel

lateral walls = right angle to eachother

axes of gaze = parallel but axes of orbit diverage @ 45 degrees

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4
Q

What are the movements of the pupil?

A

normal primary postion = looking straight forward

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5
Q

What does the levator palpebrae superioris m. do + innervation?

A

Elevates superior eyelid (opens eye)

CN 3

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6
Q

What is the function + innervation of superior oblique M.?

A

ABducts + depresses + medially rotates

CN 4

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7
Q

What does inferior oblique M. do + innervation?

A

ABducts + elevates + laterally rotates eyeball

CN 3

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8
Q

Function + Innervation of Superior rectus M.

A

Elevates + ADduct + rotate medially

CN 3

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9
Q

Function + Innervation of Inferior rectus M.

A

Depresses + ADducts + rotates eyeball laterally

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10
Q

Function + Innervation of Medial Rectus

A

ADducts

CN 3

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11
Q

Function + Innervation of Lateral Rectus

A

ABducts

CN 6

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12
Q

Extraocular M.’s

A
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13
Q

What is the prime muscle mover for each of these directions?

A
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14
Q

What is the innervation of the orbit (sensory)?

A

V1 Opthalamic N. gives off 3 branches:

1) Frontal N. –> Supratrochlear + supraorbital N.’s
2) Lacrimal N.
3) Nasociliary N. –> Posterior ethmoidal N. + Anterior Ethmoidal N. + Infratrochlear N. + Long ciliary N. + Short ciliary N.

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the extraocular M.’s?

A

Oculomotor N. (IO, SR, IR, + LPS to open eye)

Trochlear N. (SO)

Abducent N. (LR)

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16
Q

How do the sympathetics infiltrate the eye and what do they make it do?

A

Sup. Cervical Ganglion –> Internal Carotid Plexus hitch

nasociliary = dilates eye

&

long ciliary = keeps eye open

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17
Q

A lesion of CN ____ causes trochlear palsy.

A

4 = SO

Heaad tilts away from affected side

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18
Q

A lesion of CN ____ causes abducens palsy.

A

6 = lateral rectus

Cannot look laterally w/ affected eye

19
Q

What are the symptoms of oculomotor palsy?

A

Down + out eye

Complete ptosis

Pupil Dilation (loss of parasympathetics)

20
Q

What should happen in the pupillary light reflex?

A

Both eyes should constrict

Light synapses in 4 nuclei:

  1. Pretectal
  2. Edinger-Westphal preganglionic nucleus
  3. Ciliary M.
  4. Constrictor pupillae M.
21
Q

What should happen in the corneal reflex?

A

If the cornea detects touch or irritation is should close

CN V –> trigeminal nucleus, facial nucleus, facial N.

22
Q

What are the layers of the eyeball:

  1. Fibrous
  2. Vascular
  3. Inner
A

Fibrous = sclera + cornea

Vascular = Choroid, Ciliary body, Iris

Inner = Retina

*optic nerve covered w/ all 3 layers of meninges*

23
Q

What lines the innermost part of the eyelids?

A

Palpebral Conjunctiva

24
Q

What lines the outermost part of the eyeball?

A

Bulbar (ocular) conjunctiva

25
Q

What muscle is innervated by sympathetics and keeps the eyelid up?

A

Superior tarsal M.

26
Q

What muscle helps open the eyelid and is inervated by CN 3?

A

Orbicularis oculi M.

27
Q

What is this?

A

Subconjunctival hematoma

28
Q

What is another word for pink eye?

A

Conjunctivitis

29
Q

What muscle is affected in complete ptosis?

A

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

*Also can result from full destruction of CN 3 which opens the eye*

30
Q

What muscle is affected in partial ptosis?

A

Tarsal muscle which is innervated by postganglionic sympathetic fibers

seen in horners syndrome

31
Q

What causes papiledema?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

URGENT

32
Q

Label these:

A
33
Q

What happens if the central retinal artery is occuled?

A

You will end up blind. This is the only artery supplying the retina.

34
Q
A

Anastomoses help w/ slow occlusions

35
Q

Where does venous supply of the face drain?

A

1) Cavernous sinus
2) Pterygoid Venous plexus

36
Q

What is occluded causing this appearence of “ketchup”?

A

Central Retinal Vein

37
Q

What is occluded causing this “cherry red spot”?

A

Central Retinal Artery

38
Q

What does the lacrimal appartus function in and what nerve innervates it?

A

Tear production

CN 7 via greater protrusal

39
Q

How does tear production work?

A
  1. Greater petrosal N. + Deep Pretrosal form pterygoid canal
  2. Parasym. fibers synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion and travel w/ V2, then sygomatic branch, then lacrimal N. of V1
40
Q

What are the 4 chambers of the eye?

A
  1. Ciliary body
  2. Ciliary Processes
  3. Anterior Chamber
  4. Posterior Chamber
41
Q

How does the aqueous humor flow?

A
  1. Ciliary processes secrete aqueous humor into posterior chamber
  2. Flows through pupil to anterior chamber
  3. Drains into sclera venous sinus
  4. Humor is removed via limbial plexus
42
Q

If you have a blockage of Schlemm’s canal (scleral venous sinus) what can happen?

A

Increased pressure and glaucoma

43
Q

What is this?

A

Hyphema: rupture w/in the anterior chamber of the eye

44
Q

When we need to use near vision like for reading what happens to our eye?

A

The ciliary muscles contract and this reduces the tension on the suspensory ligament, allowing the lens to become more rounded.

Neuro Test 1 (21 decks)

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