GA: Neck Angio + Neuro Flashcards
Can you label the external carotid A.?
Where does the common carotid originate from on the right/left sides?
Right: comes from brachiocephalic trunk
Left: Aortic arch
What is found inside the carotid sheath?
- Common Carotid A.
- Internal Jugular V.
- Vagus N.
What is carotid sinus sensitivity syndrome?
The carotid sinus may be hypersensitive to pressure (via baroreceptors), therefore excessive pressure on it can produce slow heart rate, drop in blood pressure, and you can even faint.
What is found in carotid bodies?
Chemoreceptors that monitor the oxygen content of blood before it reaches the brain.
These adjust heart rate and blood pressure.
Information is conveyed via glossopharyngeal + vagus N.’s
What structures does the external jugular vein drain?
Scalp + lateral face
The subclavian V. is often used for what?
Subclavian vein puncture
Often the point of entry for central line placement.
What can the internal jugular vein be used for?
Internal Jugular Vein Puncture, where it can have a needle or catheter placed in it.
What are central lines used for?
To administer venous nutritional fluids + medications and to measure central venous pressure
What can the external jugular be used for diagnostically?
It can serve as an “internal barometer” since when venous pressure rises the external jugular V. is much more prominent along its superficial course on lateral neck.
Can be used diagnostically for: heart failure, SVC obstruction, enlarged supraclavicular L.N.’s, or increased intrathoracic pressure.
What is the path of lymph drainage in the neck?
Superficial cervical L.N.’s –> Deep Cervical L.N.’s –>
Right : Right Jugular + Right subclavian –> right lymphatic duct
Left: Left Jugular + Left Subclavian –> Thoracic Duct
What are the different types of tonsils?
- Ligual Tonsil (root of tongue)
- Palatine tonsils (“normal”)
- Pharyngeal Tonsil (adenoids)
Describe what happens in a tonsilectomy of the palatine tonsils…
Removal of palatine tonsils + usually pharyngeal tonsils due to their inflammation obstructing the communication between oral cavity and the oropharynx.
Tonsilar A., Glossopharyngeal N., and Internal Carotid A. could be vulnerable to injury.
What is adenoiditis?
Inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsils obstructing the nasal passageways. This can cause hearing impairment + lead to otitis media.
Why would you preform a tonsillectomy of the lingual tonsil?
If it was inflammed and obstructing the respiratory or alimentary tracts.
What are tonsilloliths?
“tonsil stones”
Calcifications that form in the crypts of the palatine tonsils.
What is the function of tonsils?
Lympthatic organ (immune function)
Both your tonsils and adenoids help to trap pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses, that enter your mouth or nose. They contain immune cells that produce antibodies that kill these pathogens before they can spread to the rest of your body.
What are the 3 cranial nerves present in the neck?
- Vagus N.
- Spinal Accessory N.
- Hypoglossal N.
If you have a lesion of the cervical sympathetic trunk, what condition can this result in?
Horner Syndrome (PAM Horner)
Symptoms:
Miosis (pupil constriction)
Ptosis (drooping of upper eyelid)
Enopthalmos (sinking of eye)
Anhydrosis (vasodilation + lack of sweating on face and neck)
What provides vagus innervation to the larynx, pharynx, and carotid bodies?
Vagus N.
What nerves originate from Erb’s point?
The superficial branches of the cervical plexus:
- Great Auricular N.
- Lesser Occipital N.
- Transverse Cervical N.
- Supraclavicular N.’s
What are the branches of the vagus nerve and what do they supply?
a. Pharyngeal branch
b. Superior laryngeal N. –> Internal Laryngeal N. (larynx above vocal folds) + External Laryngeal N. (cricothyroid M.)
c. Recurrent Laryngeal N. (intrinsic muscles of larynx)
