GA: Bones + Joints

Question 1

What happens if you fracture your hyoid bone?

Answer 1

This is usually caused by strangulation. It causes the hyoid to be depressed onto the thyroid cartilage. Which results in difficulty swallowing + maintaining the separation of the alimentary + respiratory tracts.

Question 2

What happens if you fracture your laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 2

This is usually caused by a blow to the anterior neck in sports, or by a seatbelt in a car accident. It results in submucosal hemmorrhage + edema, respiratory obstruction, horseness, & (in worst case senario) inability to speak!

Question 3

What layer of deep cervical fascia helps prevent the spread of infection in the neck caused by tissue destruction?

Answer 3

The investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Question 4

If you have an infection in the layer between the investing layer and the muscular part of the pretracheal fascia, where will it spread?

Answer 4

It will not spread inferior to the manubrium of the sternum.

Question 5

If you have an infection between the investing layer and the visceral pretracheal fascia, where will it spread?

Answer 5

All the way to the mediastinum

Question 6

If you have an infection in the retropharyngeal space, where can this spread to?

Answer 6

It can spread inferiorly into the mediastinum and cause difficulty swallowing + speaking.

Question 7

Where can infections of the head spread to?

Answer 7

They can spread inferiorly into the mediastinum, traveling through the retropharyngeal space.

Question 8

What are the features of the hyoid bone?

Answer 8

Question 9

What are the unique features of cervical vertebrae?

Answer 9

Question 10

Can you label all of the laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 10

Question 11

Which joint is between the hyoid bone and the thyroid cartilage?

Answer 11

Thyrohyoid joint

Question 12

Which joint is between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage?

Answer 12

Cricothyroid joint

Question 13

Which joint is between the cricoid cartilage and the arytenoid cartilage?

Answer 13

Cricoarytenoid joint

Question 14

Which joint is bewteen the stem of the epiglottis + thyroid cartilage ( #1 inferiorly) and the epiglottis + hyoid bone (#2 superiorly)?

Answer 14

1 = thyroepiglottic L.

Epiglottic Joint

Question 15

Which joint is bewteen the cricoid cartilage and 1st tracheal cartilaginous segment?

Answer 15

Cricotracheal joint

Question 16

What is between laryngeal cartilages?

Answer 16

Fibroelastic Laryngeal Membrane

Question 17

What are the 2 parts to the fibroelastic laryngeal membrane?

Answer 17

a. Quadrangular membrane (Epiglotis –> Arytenoid cartilage)
b. conus elasticus (lateral cricothyroid L. + Vocal L.)

Question 18

As the ligaments travel up towards the head what do they become?

a. Anterior Longitudinal L.
b. Posterior Longitudinal L.
c. Ligamentum Flavum

Answer 18

Ant. Longitudinal L. –> Anterior Atlantooccipital L.

Post. Longitudinal L. –> Tectorial Membrane

Lig. Flavum –> Posterior Atlantooccipital L.

Question 19

What happens when we speak (phonation)?

Answer 19

Our laryngeal cartilages get closer together.

Normal breathing they are slighlty apart

Question 20

What are the 3 layers of the deep cervical fascia?

Answer 20

1. Investing layer (superficial)
2. Pretracheal layer (encloses buccopharyngeal fascia, infrahyoid muscles, thyroid gland, trachea, esophagus)
3. Prevertebral layer (surrounds vertebral column + musculature)

Question 21

What does the carotid sheath contain?

Answer 21

1. Common carotid A’s
2. Internal Jugular Vein
3. Vagus N.