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Neuro Test 1 > EMB: Pharyngeal arches > Flashcards

EMB: Pharyngeal arches Flashcards

1
Q

What do the pharyngeal arches contribute to?

A

Nasal cavities, mouth, larynx, pharyn + neck

(1-4 + 6)

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2
Q

What are pharyngeal arches made from?

A

NC

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3
Q

What is the 1st pair of arcehs?

A

Primordial jaws

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4
Q

What do arches 2-4 become?

A

future head + neck regions

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5
Q

What contributes NC cells to the pharyngeal arches?

A

Rhombomeres (R1-7)

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6
Q

What does each arch consist of?

A

core of mesenchyme (mostly) –> dervied from NC

covered extenally by ectoderm

internally by endoderm

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7
Q

When do the pharyngeal arches (NC migration) begin?

A

4th week

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8
Q

1st arch =

A

maxillary + mandibular prominences

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9
Q

How does the cervical sinus form in the 1st arch?

A

PA2 overgrows PA3/4

It should dissapear

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10
Q

What tissues does NCC form?

A

all connective tissue (bone) + dermis + smooth muscle

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11
Q

What forms muscles?

A

Paraxial myogenic mesoderm

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12
Q

What forms endotheliem?

A

Angioblasts

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13
Q

What does each pharyngeal arch get?

A

An artery (from truncus arteriosus)

A cartilaginous rod

A muscualr component (form head/neck muscles)

A nerve (sensory or motor)

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14
Q

What cartilage is in PA1? What does this form?

A

Meckel’s cartilage

Malleus + incus

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15
Q

What cartilage is in PA2? What does it form?

A

Riechert’s Cartilage

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16
Q

What does Richert’s cartilage form?

A

Dorsal = stapes + styloid process of temporal bone

Ventral = lesser horn of hyloid bone

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17
Q

What does the 3rd arch cartilage form?

A

Greater horn of hyoid bone

And hypopharyngeal eminence forms hyoid bone

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18
Q

What arches fuse together to make the larngeal cartilages?

A

arches 4 + 6

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19
Q

What are muscular components derived from?

A

Paraxial mesoderm + prechordal plate

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20
Q

What muscle does the firch arch form?

A

muscles of mastication (CN V)

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21
Q

What muscles do the second arch form?

A

stapedius + muscles of facial expression

(CN VII)

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22
Q

The 3rd arch forms which muscle?

A

Stylopharyngeus (CN IX)

23
Q

What muscles does the 4th arch form?

A

cricothyroid, levator veli palatini + constrictors of pharynx (CN X)

24
Q

What muscles do the 6th arch form?

A

intrinsic muscles of larynx (CN X)

25
Q

Which nerve supplies the first arch?

A

Trigeminal N.

26
Q

Muscles are supplied by ______.

A

Special visceral efferents

27
Q

Dermis + mucous membranes of head + neck are supplied by _______.

A

Special visceral afferents

28
Q

Which nerve supplies the 2nd arch?

A

Facial N.

29
Q

Which nerve supplies the 3rd arch?

A

glossopharyngeal N.

30
Q

Which nerve supplies the 4th-6th arches?

A

Vagus N.

31
Q

What do the arteries for the arches arise from?

A

Aortic sac

32
Q

Primordial pharynx is derived from the ______.

A

foregut

33
Q

What forms the tympanic membrane?

A

1st pharyngeal mmbrane + intervening membrane

34
Q

What does the 1st pharyngeal pouch (internal) expand into?

A

AUDITORY STRUCTURES (EAR)

The tubotympanic recess + pharyngotypanic tube + part of tympanic membrane & cavity

35
Q

What does the 2nd pharyngeal pounch gives rise to?

A

LYMPHATIC STRUCTURES (TONSILS)

tonsils + lymphoid tissue

36
Q

What does the third pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A
  1. Dorsal: **Inferior parathyroid gland
  2. Ventral: thymus
37
Q

What does the 4th pharyngeal pouch give rise to?

A

**Superior parathyroid gland

38
Q

What pharyngeal groove (external) forms the external auditory meatus?

A

1st pair

39
Q

Which grooves give rise to the cervical sinus?

A

2-4

If cervical sinus does not dissipate it causes birth defects

40
Q

What causs cervical (branchial) cysts?

A

cervical sinus and/or 2nd groove does not degrade and remains

41
Q

What forms the thyroid gland?

A

Thyroid primordium

42
Q

How is the thyroid connected to the tongue?

A

Thyroglossal duct

43
Q

Thyroid gland development

A
44
Q

If the thyroglossal duct persists, what does it become?

A

Foramen cecum

45
Q

What elongates to form the ultimopharyngeal body?

A

4th pouch

46
Q

What forms the parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

A

ultimopharyngeal body

47
Q

What syndrome is this?

A

First pharyngeal arch syndrome

48
Q

What causes first pharyngeal arch syndrome?

A

Abnormal development of the components of the 1st arch

Malformation of eyes, ears, madible, + palate

49
Q

What are the different types first pharyngeal arch syndorme?

A
  1. Treacher-Collins Syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)
  2. Pierre Robin Sequence
50
Q

What is wrong in this disease: Treacher-Collins Syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)?

A

AD: TCOF1 gene

Ribosome problem, can’t make proteins

Increased apoptosis of cranial NCC

51
Q

What causes Pierre Robin Sequence?

A

Hypoplasia of mandible

causes micrognatia (small mandible) –> results in bilateral cleft palate

*purpose of NC is to form jaws*

52
Q

What is thyroid hemiagenesis?

A

unilateral failure of formation

53
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A

wide range of NC problems –> wide phenotypic variablity

Agenesis of thymus + parathyroid glands

Hypoparathyroidism, nasal clefts, cardiac NCC problem also

Neuro Test 1 (21 decks)

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