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Neuro Test 1 > GA: Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

GA: Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Which cranial nerves are special sensory?

A

1, 2, 8

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2
Q

Which cranial nerves are motor?

A

3,4,6,11,12

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3
Q

Which cranial nerves are mixed? (motor + sensory)

A

5, 7, 9, 10

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

What cranial nerves are GSE? (General Somatic Efferent): Somatic Muscle

A

3,4,6,12 (motor to muscle)

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6
Q

Which cranial nerves are GVE (general visceral efferent): autonomics to smooth and cardiac muscle + glands??

A

Parasympathetic:

3,7,9,10

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7
Q

Which cranial nerves are SVE (Branchial or Special Visceral Efferent): muscles dervied from the pharyngeal arches?

A

5 - arch 1

7 - arch 2

9 - arch 3

10 - arches 4 + 6

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8
Q

What does general somatic afferent (GSA) mean?

A

Sensory in the skin, joint capsule, tendon, muscle

Ectoderm (outside)

Ex. “I have a cut right here”

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9
Q

What does GVA (general visceral afferent) mean?

A

Sensory of visceral structures

Endoderm (inside)

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10
Q

Which cranial nerves are SSA (special somatic afferents)?

A

hearing + balance = 8

sight = 2

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11
Q

Which cranial nerves are SVA (special visceral afferent)?

A

chemical senses

taste = 7,9,10

smell = 1

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12
Q

What is the function + location of the olfactory N. (I)?

A

Function: (SVA) Special sense of smell

Location: Olfactory organ

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13
Q

What is the tract of the olfactory N.?

A

Cribriform plate –> olfactory bulbs

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14
Q

How do you examine for CN 1?

A

Test w/ several different familiar odors

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15
Q

What are some clinical problems associated with the olfactory N.?

A

Ansomia - Olfactory loss (loss of smell)

CSF Rhinorrhea (CSF leakage through nose)

Smell gradually decreases w/ age –> less taste

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16
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

SSA: special sense of vision

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17
Q

What is the optic N. tract?

A

Ganglion cells in retina –> optic nerve –> exit orbit via optic canal –> middle cranial fossa –> lateral geniculate bodies of thalamus

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18
Q

How do you examine the optic nerve?

A

Graded testing of visual acuity: light + dark, finger counting, snellen’s eye chart, visual field, peripheral vision

Pupillary light reflex (pen light) (nerves 2 + 3)

Blink Reflex (nerves 2 + 7)

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19
Q

What structures is right next to the optic chiasm and what can happen clinically if this structure enlarges?

A

Pituitary gland = right next to optic chiasm

If you have a pituitary tumor this can cause bitemporal hemianopia (loss of vision laterally in both eyes).

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20
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor N. (CN III)?

A

GSE: Motor innervation to superior, medial, and inferior recti + inferior oblique and levator palpebre superioris

GVE: Parasympathetic innervation to pupil + ciliary muscle

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21
Q

What is the tract for the oculomotor N.?

A

midbrain –> dura @ cavernous sinus –> superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

What is the function of the trochlear n.?

A

(GSE): Motor innervation to superior oblique

Exits dorsal (only N. to exit dorsally) surface of midbrain –> superior orbital fissure

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23
Q

What is the function of abducens (CN VI)?

A

GSE: motor innervation to lateral rectus

24
Q

What is the tract for abducens?

A

Brainstem –> pontine cistern –> cavernous sinus –> superior orbital fissure

25
Q

Which nerves control the motor innervation of the eye?

A

3 - intra ocular + four extra ocular M.’s

4 - superior oblique

6 - lateral rectus

26
Q

How do you examine nerves 3,4, and 6?

A

Oculomotor: Pupillary light reflex, accomodation, extraocular muscle (EMO) testing (H finger)

Trochlear: SO - adduct eye, then look down

Abducens: LR - abduct eye

27
Q

Which nerves would a cavernous sinus thrombosis or an aneurysm affect?

A

3,4,6

28
Q

What is the function of trigeminal (CN V)?

A

SVE: V3 - Motor innervation to muscles of mastication (muscles for chewing)

GSA: Sensory to face + scalp (via V1,2,3)

29
Q

What is the tract of CN V + all its parts?

A

Pons –> cavernous sinus –>

V1 Opthalmic = Superior Orbital Fissure

V2 Maxillary = Foramen Rotundum

V3 Mandibular = Foramen Ovale

30
Q

How do you examine for CN V?

A

Opthalmic Division: Senstion - of forehead + nose, corneal reflex (touch cornea w/ cotton)

Maxillary Division: Sensation - cheek

Mandibular Division: Sensation - chin + motor - muscles of mastication (chewing)

31
Q

What are some clinical problems that can go wrong with the trigeminal nerve?

A

Trigeminal Neuralgia: Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain. If you have trigeminal neuralgia, even mild stimulation of your face — such as from brushing your teeth or putting on makeup — may trigger a jolt of excruciating pain.

32
Q

What are the functions of the facial N.?

A

SVE: Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression (pharyngeal arch 2)

GVE: Parasympathetic innervation to lacrimal, nasal, palatine, and submandibular + sublingual salivary glands

SVA: Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue

GSA: Sensation to external acoustic meatus

33
Q

What is the tract of the facial N.?

A

Emerges from pontine-medullary junction –> exits skull via internal acoustic meatus –> runs in facial canal –> exits via stylomastoid foramen –> pass through parotid gland

34
Q

What is the tract for how the facial nerve sends parasympathetics to the lacrimal gland?

A
35
Q

What is the tract for how the facial nerve sends parasympathetics to the salivary (submandibular + sublingual glands)?

A
36
Q

How do you examine the facial N.?

A

Sensation - taste anteror 2/3 of tongue

Motor - upper division: wrinkle forehead or close eyes

lower division: blow, whistle, smile

Blink reflex - optic + facial

Corneal reflex - V1 + facial

37
Q

What disorder is caused by a lesion of the facial N.?

A

Bell’s Palsy

38
Q

What is the function of the vestibulocochlear N.?

A

SSA: Special sense of hearing + equilibrium

39
Q

What is the tract for CN 8?

A

Vestibular N. innervates utricle + sacule

Cochlear N. innervates cochlea

Enter skull via internal acoustic meatus

Enter brainstem on pontine-medullary junction

40
Q

How do you test the vestibulocochlear N.?

A

Vestibular Division:

Romberg’s sign (balance w/ feet togethe + eyes closed)

Past Pointing (finger to nose)

Nystagmus (abnormal eye movement)

Cochlear Division:

Check for conduction deafness (impacted wax, torn tympanic mem., etc) by whispering or rubbing fingers together)

Rinne test: tunning fork on pinna (normal = AC > BC)

Weber’s Test: (confirm) tunning fork on top of head and sound lateralizes to bad ear

41
Q

What are the clinical correlations with CN 8?

A

Tinnitus (ringing of ears)

Balance Disturbance (vertigo)

Nystagmus (eye jumping)

Deafness (completely cut nerve)

Acoustic neuroma (benign tumor on CN 8)

42
Q
A
43
Q

What is the function of the glossopharyngeal N (CN IX)?

A

GSA: Sensation from ear + external auditory canal + posterior 1/3 of tongue

GVA: Sensory information from oropharynx and carotid body

SVA: taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue

GVE: Parasympathetics to parotid gland

SVE: motor to stylopharyngeus muscle

44
Q

What is the tract for CN 9?

A

Medulla –> jugular foramen –> passes between superior + middle pharyngeal constrictors –> enters oral cavity

45
Q

How do you test CN 9?

A

*9 + 10 tested together*

Sensory = taste on back 1/3 of tongue

  • gag reflex
46
Q

What is a clinical correlation of glossopharyngeal neuralgia?

A

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is extreme pain in the back of the throat, tongue or ear. Attacks of intense, electric shock-like pain can occur without warning or can be triggered by swallowing.

47
Q

What is the function of the vagus CN 10?

A

GSA: Sensation from external auditory canal + dura

GVA: Sensory information from viscera, pharynx, laryns, aortic arch, epiglottis, and base of tongue

SVA: taste from epiglottis

GVE: parasympathetics to viscera

SVE: Motor to constrictors of pharynx, palatine muscles, and intrinsic muscle of larynx (pharyngeal arch 4 + 6)

48
Q

What is the tract for the vagus N.?

A

Medulla –> jugular foramen

49
Q

How do you evaluate the vagus nerve?

A

sensory: gag reflex
motor: swallowing reflex, look for hoarseness, deviation of uvula when you say, “ahhhh” (they should elevate at the same time)

50
Q

What is the function of the spinal accessory (CN 11)?

A

GSE: Motor to sternocleidomastoid + trapezius M.’s

51
Q

What is the tract for the spinal accessory N.?

A

SC –> foramen magnum –> jugular foramen

52
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Motor to intrinsic tongue muscles + stylossus + hypoglossus + genioglossus

53
Q

What is the hypoglossal nerve tract?

A

medulla –> hypoglossal canal –> travels with cervical plexus –> crosses occipital artery –> enters oral cavity

54
Q

How do evaluate the hypoglossal CN 12?

A

motor only - protrude tongue - if lesioned the tongue will deviate to the ipsilateral side when you stick it out

Ex. left side is damaged

55
Q

Superior salivatory nucleus (7) + Inferior Salvitory nucleus (9) + Posterior nucleus of vagus nerve (10) =

A

parasympathetic

56
Q
A

Neuro Test 1 (21 decks)

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