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Neuro Test 1 > GA: Muscles > Flashcards

GA: Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior: Sternocleidomastoid M.

Posterior: Trapezius M.

Inferior: Clavicle

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2
Q

What are the 2 subtriangles of the posterior triangle?

A
  1. Occipital Triangle (sup. to omohyoid M.)
  2. Supraclavicular Triangle (inf. to omohyoid M.)
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3
Q

What is found in the posterior triangle?

A

Levator Scapulae M.

Anterior, Middle, + Posterior Scalene M.

Inferior belly of Omohyoid M.

Splenius Capitus M.

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4
Q

What is found in the occipital triangle?

A

External Jugular V.

Posterior branches of cervical plexus

Transverse cervical A.

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5
Q

What is found in the supraclavicular triangle?

A

3rd part of subclavian A. + suprascapular A.

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6
Q

What innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Spinal Accessory N. (also innervates trapezius)

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7
Q

What is the action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

Laterally flex neck + rotate face away

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8
Q

What is congenital torticollis?

A

A disorder where a fibrous tissue tumor forms in the sternocleidomastoid muscle which causes the head to turn and the face to look away from the affected side.

A hematoma can arise and impinge on the spinal accessort nerve, which denervates the SCM.

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9
Q

What is spasmatic torticollis?

A

Adult onset

Involves abnormal tonicity of the cervical muscles, usually the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

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10
Q

What is the innervation + action of anterior scalene m.?

A

Elevate 1st rib + laterally flex neck + rotate face away

C4-6

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11
Q

What is the innervation + action of middle scalene m. ?

A

C3-8

Elevate 1st rib, laterally flex neck

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12
Q

What is the innervation + action of posterior scalene m. ?

A

C5-7

elevate 2nd rib + laterally flex neck

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13
Q

What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?

A

Anterior: Median line of neck

Posterior: Anterior edge of SCM

Superior: Mandible

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14
Q

What are the muscular contents of the anterior triangle?

A

Mylohyoid M., Geniohyoid M., Diagastric M., Stylohyoid M., Sternohyoid M., Sternothyroid M., Thryohyoid M., superior belly of omohyoid M.

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15
Q

What are the two suprahyoid triangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Submental triangle (ant.)
  2. Submandibular triangle (post.)

Separated by anterior belly of diagastric M.

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16
Q

What is found in the submental triangle?

A

Submental A.

Submental L.N.’s

small veins

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17
Q

What is found in the submandibular triangle?

A

Submandibular gland

Hypoglossal N.

Nerve to the mylohyoid M.

parts of the facial N.

18
Q

What are the 2 infrahyoid triangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  1. Muscular triangle (ant.)
  2. Carotid triangle (post.)

Separated via superior belly of omohyoid M.

19
Q

What are the contents of the carotid triangle?

A

Common carotid A.

Internal Jugular V.

Vagus N.

Hypoglossal N.

Spinal Accessory N.

Superior root of ansa cervicalis

thyroid gland

larynx

pharynx

braches of cervical plexus

20
Q

What are the contents of the muscular triangle?

A

Thyroid gland

Parathyroid glands

21
Q

I + A of mylohyoid M.

A

I: Mylohyoid N.

A: elevates hyoid bone + floor of mouth and tongue

22
Q

I of gleniohyoid M.

A

I: C1 via hypoglossal N.

23
Q

I of digastric M.

*is tendinous in middle*

A

Anterior belly –> mylohyoid N.

Posterior belly –> Facial N.

24
Q

Stylohyoid M. innervation?

A

Facial N.

25
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid muscles?

(elevate hyoid)

A
  1. myohyoid
  2. geniohyoid
  3. diagastric
  4. stylohyoid
26
Q

What are the 4 infrahyoid muscles?

(depress hyoid)

A
  1. Sternohyoid M.
  2. Sternothyroid M.
  3. Thryohyoid M.
  4. Omohyoid M.
27
Q

What nerve innervates omohyoid, sternothyroid, and sternohyoid muscles?

A

Ansa cervicalis

Omohyoid + sternohyoid –> C1-3

sternothyroid –> C2,C3

28
Q

What nerve innervates the thyrohyoid muscle?

A

C1 via hypoglossal N.

29
Q

What innervates the platysma?

A

Cervical branch of facial N.

30
Q

What 3 muscles constrict the pharyngeal wall?

A
  1. Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor
  2. Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
  3. Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor
31
Q

What 3 muscles elevate the pharynx + larynx?

A
  1. Palatopharyngeus M.
  2. Salpingopharyngeus M.
  3. Stylopharyngeus M.
32
Q

What nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus M.?

A

Glossopharyngeal N.

33
Q

A + I of cricothyroid M.

A

A: Stretch + tense vocal fold, “vocal cord”

I: External Laryngeal N.

34
Q

All the laryngeal muscles, except the cricothyroid muscle, are innervated by what?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal N.

35
Q

What laryngeal muscles close the intercartilaginous portion of the rima glottidis?

A

Transverse Arytenoid M.

Oblique Arytenoid M.

Vocalis –> relaxes posterior cord + tenses anterior cord

36
Q

What muscles make up the anterior vertebral column?

A

Longus Colli M. –> C2-6

Longus Capitis M. –> C1-3

Rectus Capitis Anterior + Laterallis –> C1-2

37
Q

What is Zone 1 of penetrating neck trauma?

A

Root of neck

Structures @ risk = cervical pleurae, apices of lungs, thyroid + parathyroid glands, trachea, esophagus, common carotid A., Jugular V., Cervical vertebrae

38
Q

What is zone 2 of penetrating neck trauma?

*most dangerous,more common, but easiest to fix*

A

From cricoid cartilage to the angle of mandible.

Structures at risk: Laryngeal cartilages, larynx, laryngopharynx, carotid A., Jugular V., esophagus, cervical vertebrae

39
Q

What is zone 3 of penetrating neck trauma?

A

From angle of the mandible –> superiorly

Structures @ risk: Salivary glands, oral + nasal cavities, oro-nasopharynx

40
Q
A

Injuries to zone 1 + 3 are less common and harder to access, thus harder to repair.

Neuro Test 1 (21 decks)

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