G 3 Flashcards
ecological footprint
the theoretical measurment o amoutn of land and water that a population requires to produce the resources it consumes and absorb its waste.
highest ecological footprint - quatar, lowest-eritrea
- kiek reikia jiem wasto kiek reik isnaudot kad gyventu
bio capacity
land and water to provide resources for humainty
embedded water
water used in the production and tranpsort to market of goods
green water
natural water - rainfall stored in the soil.
water-food-energy “nexus”
developments in one sector may have unintentional impacts on the other sectors. if you water, it affects energy in hydroelectric power, food production might influence water, etc. in you use one more, others decrease.
water security
continuing access to safe drinking water and sanitation. In south africa by 2022 there was more than 19% of people lacking fresh water in rural areas and 33% do not have access to sanitation.
most food-energy-water secure and insecure countries
Switzerland is very water and food secure country it produces over 60% of its own food. Food security is possible because of the Swiss-water security. Switzerland’s annual rainfall is so plentiful that if configured virtually the country would be 1.5 metres under water. Switzerland imports 85% of its energy, trade allows Switzerland to be a resource secure country. However it is a good solution only in short-term , import is not a reliable source of a resource. Imports are vulnerable to geopolitical developments (for example conflict between Russia and Ukraine) and economic changes. Furthermore even though now Switzerland is a water secure country it might change due to the global warmingsaudi-arabia - most secure, almost all the population has access to safe water, in urban areas even hundreds of litres per day.
Yemen - most insecure, millions of people are food-insecure but they have political and social instability.
One of the most severe droughts in recent years began in India in 2016. The drought affected half of the country, with far-reaching consequences. The crisis was exacerbated by poor management and the intertwined nature of water, energy and food supply. Water levels in India’s 91 reservoirs fell to the lowest point in a decade and water scarcity ravaged energy and agriculture, the largest water users. manyfarmers emigrated
circular economy
optimizes resource use and reduces loss through managing finite stocks and renewable flows. restores and regenerates resources, keeps products, material and components at their highest utility and value.
resource stewardship
a concept that humans can use resources in a way that is sustainable
resource increase consumption in the world
about 25% of the world’s population live in 3% of the world’s land area (south asia), to feed the growing population, agricultural production would have to increase by 70%, energy by 40% and water by 57%.
managing waste in the usa
there are landills that porduce high levels of methane, like in puente hills. there, the gas is collected of pipes and is burned to produce electricity for 70 000 homes
some waste is buried in WTE (waste to energy) plants and for every tonne that avoids being buried in the landfill and is buried in WTE, the amount of methane is reduced equivalent to almost a tonne of carbon dioxide
UN-REDD programme
United Nations initiative in reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in low-income countries
in 2007 approximately 17% of global greenhouse gases is because of deforestation and forest degradation
ocean fertilization
CO2 absorption can be increased by fertilizing the ocean with compounds like nitrogen and iron. this introduces nutrients to the upper layer of the oceans and increases marine food production and removes co2 from the atmosphere.
