G 2 Flashcards
where does the weather occur, everyhting happens (albedai visoki ir tt)?
in troposphere
(input) incoming solar radiation is called
insolation
output to the atmosphere
re-radiation
radiation
the emission of short waves and long waves; sUn has short waves
wavelength of re-radiation
long-waves
green house effect
most of the short-wave radiation is let through the atmosphere but CO2 traps the outgoing long-wave radiation, warming the atmosphere because it bounces off the surface to greenhouse gasses and then the long-wave radiation is either absorbed by the CO2 or relfecting the waves again to the surface.
according to clouds, how there will be more radiation from the sun
the cloud cover should be as less as possible and/or the cloud should be higher
why there is a drastic change in temperatures during day and night in extreme environments
in deserts, due to lack of cloud cover, the loss of energy at night is maximized because there are no long-wave return form the clouds to the surface. If the area is cloudy, like in tropical rainforests, the loss of energy is less noticeable (the temperature does now change over day and night that noticeably)
why there is a greenhouse effect?
due to human activities such as burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and natural gas) and land-use changes such as deforestation because if less trees - less to absorb CO2 and produce O2.
is greenhouse effect good in any way?
there could be no life on earth
most common greenhouse gas? (say % too) *also state which gases implicated in global warming
water vapour - 95%
implicated: carbon dioxide, methane
would changes in atmospheric composition decrease or increase global temperature?
decrease
changes in reflectivity (albedo) decrease or increase global temperature?
increase, the albedo is affected by and affects global climate change, for example, as ice melts and is replaced by darker-coloured vegetation, the amount of insolation absorbed increases and temperature rise.
POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
melting ice reducing the planet’s albedo, enhancing climate change. most seeable in tundra environment where ice is melting during the winter even, releasing frozen methane. leads to increasing change.
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
increased evaporation due to higher temperatures, may lead to increased snowfall, reducing the global temperature. Also, release of bigger amounts of carbon dioxide allows bigger rate of photosynthesis, reducing the pollution. produces long-term stability in the system
the enhanced greenhouse effect
the impact of increasing levels of greenhouse gasses due to human activities. it is linked to industrialization, trade and globalization
possible impacts of climate change (by man made effect)
sea level rising causing floods, more diseases like maleria because mosquitos will emigrate, snow melting, shortage of water.
ice melting example in arctic sea
in 1988 ice of 4 years old was counted to cover over 25% and in 2013 it was less 8%.
with 1C, 2C and 4C temperature effects
1 - arctic sea ice will disappear for months
2 - heatwaves in europe, amazonian rainforest will turn to desserts, oceans too acidic for corals, arctic ice - no, people, especially in Africa will experience outrange of maleria
3 - permafrost melting would reach danger zone, arctic ice cover - no seen,
mitigation examples
renewable energy, eco-friendly transportation, more green industrial proccess, carbon raxes
adaptation examples
walls in the coast areas to prevent flooding, different infrastructure building.
flooding in bangladesh
bangladesh is on a lower level m therefore the scale from 1970 - from when climate change started getting worse, floods have increased. because of sea levels rising a lot, they become more vulnerable.
in 1988 the government of bangladesh developed a flood action plan, gates, walls building, dugging channels, shelters for people.
paris agreement
2015, countries has sign to reduce climate change. no timetable or specific goals of reaching such thing, countries are expected to reduce their carbon usage as soon as possible, not measures.
Terrestrial albedo
is the measurement of Earth’s albedo. Terrestrial albedo determines the amount of sunlight reflected from localized regions. It also determines the overall albedo of the planet.
acidification level increase
since 1750 to 2000 the ocean pH has dropped by about 0.1, a 30% change in acidity.
wildfires case study and mitigation
in 2015 over 10 million of america’s 766 million acres of forest were consumed by wildfires. this cost US 2 billion. Increased levels of insects, and pests also are consuming trees.
mitigation:
since 2000 partnerships have been formed in many cities to improve management of their forested watersheds. introducing water tac on household in the city to help pay for the work
climate change effect on UK
positive:
warming will improve some forms of agriculture
increase in tourism because of temperatures
negative:
damage from storms, floods and erosion to natural and human resources
increase in insects and decrease in number of plant species
increase in soil drought
