Digestion

Question 1

enzyme in the stomach

Answer 1

pepsin

Question 2

enzyme in the mouth

Answer 2

amylase

Question 3

enzyme in the small intestine

Answer 3

small intest. lipase
trypsin
lipase

Question 4

amylase in the mouth breaks down..? into…?

Answer 4

carbohydrates (starch)
disaccharides (maltose)

Question 5

pepsin in the stomach breaks down..? into…?

Answer 5

protein
polypeptides

Question 6

small int. lipase
trypsin
lipase in the small intestine breaks donw…? into…?

Answer 6

carbohydrates into glucose, proteins amino acids, fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 7

peristalsis

Answer 7

contraction of muscles when swallowing. it’s a wave-like motion and it pushes food down the digestive system contracting longitudinal muscle. Occurs in oesophagus, stomach and the small intestine

Question 8

Segmentation

Answer 8

nonadjacent portions of the small intestine are moved back and forth with relaxing and contracting circular muscle. Purpose is to mix food with enzymes so it could be properly broken down.

Question 9

bile

Answer 9

made and released by liver but stored in the gallbladder.
it’s a fluid that helps with digestion
food fats are being broken down to smaller units (micelles)

Question 10

stages of holozoic nutrition

Answer 10

1. food is taken by the act of eating. it’s being mixed with saliva in the oesophagus and then is moved down via peristalsis.
2. the food comes into the stomach to temporary be stored there, it releases digestive juices (very acidic) to create an acidic environment (pH appr. 2)
3. food is moved to the small intestine were all the nutrients are absorbed due to villi
4. then it’s moved to the large intestine where water and dissolved minerals are absorbed and later the elimination of the thing that were left happens through the formed semi-solid faeces.

Question 11

what is the salivary glands responsible of?

Answer 11

saliva contains enzymes (e.g. amylase) that start the breaking of the food

Question 12

what is the pancreas responsible of?

Answer 12

produces enzymes that are released into the small intestine, regulates sugar and releases some hormones.

Question 13

what is liver responsible of?

Answer 13

uses raw materials absorbed from a small intestine and uses them to make key chemicals.
it detoxicates, stores, do metabolism and produces bile and breaks-down hameoglobin

Question 14

what is gall bladder responsible of?

Answer 14

gall bladder stores the bile AND RELEASES IT TO the small intestine

Question 15

organs that the food passes through

Answer 15

alimentary canal

Question 16

food doesnt go thorugbh these organs but they help a lot in the digestive system

Answer 16

accessory organs

Question 17

villi and microvilli function and features

Answer 17

it increases the surface area in the small intestine for nutrient absorbion

it has a dense capillary network which transports all the absorbed products

very thin - the diffusion happens quicker

Question 18

functions of capillaries in vili and lymphatic capillary

Answer 18

capillaries absorb nutrients
lymphatic capillary absorbs fats