Curculary system

Question 1

What did william harvey prove? How?

Answer 1

That blood circulates and that it pumps to the heart
1) put a string on a human arm to make and it made it pale and cold. After the experiment it became red and puffy, meaning that the blood cannot just stay.
2) snakes and fishes were used to investigate their hearts

Question 2

What is blood? Where is it made in?

Answer 2

Plasma like liquid that carries nutrients and many other materials that are then transported throughout the body. The blood is red and made in the long- bone. In case of cancer the human bone marrow is changed from the hip to make new stem cells. It is not taken from the core because of many risks.

Question 3

What sends blood from the heart?

Answer 3

Arteries

Question 4

What sends blood to the heart?

Answer 4

Veins

Question 5

What is responsible for the material exchange with tissues in the body?

Answer 5

Capillaries

Question 6

What is the pressure of arteries, veins and capillaries? What are the features that help then adapt to the pressure?

Answer 6

Arteries contain high pressure, therefore they are thicker and very elastic. veins contain low pressure so they have thin walls and they are less elastic, to prevent back flow when delivered in the heart, they have valves, capillaries contain low pressure, because they are absorbing all the materials, they are extremely thin and narrow.

Question 7

Red blood cells are also called…?

Answer 7

Erythrocytes

Question 8

White blood cells are also called…?

Answer 8

leucocytes
types: phagocytes and lymphocytes
lymphocytes could be B or T immune cells

Question 9

Plateles are also called…?

Answer 9

Trambocytes

Question 10

Function and The structure of erythrocytes

Answer 10

No nucleus
Contains plenty of protein haemoglobin
Biconcave discs

Function;
Transports oxygen from the lungs to the body cells, they carry it in the form oxyhaemoglobin

Question 11

Function and The structure of phagocyte

Answer 11

Large cells containing a big nucleus but it’s seperated
Function:
Generate all the same response to a pathogen (an invader)
A type of immune cell that can surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells.

Question 12

Function and The structure of lymphocytes

Answer 12

Large cells containing a big nucleus
Function:
Generate specific responses to a pathogen (an invader)

Question 13

Function and The structure of platelets

Answer 13

Fragments of the cell
Function:
Are invloved in helping the blood clot

Question 14

What is the function of the plasma?

Answer 14

Carrying nutrients, hormones, enzymes and cells put their waste products in the plasma

Question 15

Function of the heart

Answer 15

To pump blood, in one part there is blood with oxygen ( left) , in other without oxygen ( right)

Question 16

Which side of the heart pumps blood to what organs

Answer 16

left t to all - therefore s bigger muscle
right only to the lungs

Question 17

Explain the contraction of the heart

Answer 17

It’s called myogenic because it is not initiated from the brain, it’s initiated by the heart muscles, it’s the only muscle that is working like this. SA node sends signals and atria contracts, it also releases a signal to AV node which ionly reached after atria contraction. AV node releases signals to pirkinje fibres that make ventricles contract.

Question 18

The contractioin of the heart

Answer 18

Systole

Question 19

The relaxation of the heart

Answer 19

Diastole

Question 20

What chemical can affect the heartbeat of the heart

Answer 20

Adrenaline and sometimes brain

Question 21

WHat is the normal range of blood pressure?

Answer 21

120/80mmHg

Question 22

what vessels are in the heart

Answer 22

coronary arteries

Question 23

atherosclerosis

Answer 23

hardening and the narrowing of the coronary artery due to fatty deposits.

Question 24

what increases a risk of artherosclerosis?

Answer 24

smoking, drinking, high cholesterol

Question 25

how do you get high cholesterol?

Answer 25

eating food that contains a lot of trans fatty acids, drinking, overweight

Question 26

the process of artherosclerosis

Answer 26

1) fatty deposits form on the inner wall of the coronary artery
2) they continue to form narrowing the artery, it also damages the wall so it’s repaired with fibrous tissue and it lowers the elastic movements of the artery.
3) it blocks the artery and blood doesn’t come out
4) the part of the heart dies and leads to the heart attack

Question 27

what is absorbed by the heart in the coronary arteries?

Answer 27

glucose and oxygen

Question 28

what is transported via co-transport?

Answer 28

glucose and amino acids prie ju prisikabina proteins kurie transportina those proteins

Question 29

what is transported via facilitated diffusion?

Answer 29

monosaccharides

Question 30

what is transported via osmosis?

Answer 30

water

Question 31

what is transported via simple diffusion?

Answer 31

lipids