evolution and ecology

Question 1

homologous structure

Answer 1

similar physical features in organisms that share a common ancestor but the features serve different functions

Question 2

artificial selection

Answer 2

the identification by humans of desirable traits in plans and animals, they take steps to develop generations with those traits ahead.

Question 3

vestigial structures

Answer 3

a feature that a specie inherited from an ancestor but that is now less elaborate and functional than in case of the ancestor

Question 4

divergent evolution

Answer 4

different ancestors but same traits because of the environment (selection pressure) (shark and dophin)

Question 5

convergent evolution

Answer 5

same ancestors but different traits to adapt in their environment (puma and dolphin)

Question 6

what did Darwin prove

Answer 6

theory of natural selection

Question 7

reasons for variation in the world

Answer 7

*mutation, meiosis and sexual reproduction

least common

Question 8

through which part of the structure do bacteria exchange information

Answer 8

plasmids

Question 9

porifera examples

Answer 9

sea sponge

Question 10

cnidaria examples

Answer 10

jellyfish, coral

Question 11

platyhelmintha examples

Answer 11

tapeworm, planaria, ocean’s worms with flat structures

Question 12

annelida examples

Answer 12

earthworm, leech (siurbele)

Question 13

mollusca examples

Answer 13

snail, octupus, squid

Question 14

arthropoda examples

Answer 14

insects and spiders

Question 15

amphibian examples

Answer 15

frogs, zalciai

Question 16

reptile examples

Answer 16

snakes, lizards, crocodiles

Question 17

bird examples

Answer 17

ducks, owls

Question 18

mammal examples

Answer 18

human, elephant, tiger

Question 19

bryophyta examples

Answer 19

mosses (samanos)

Question 20

filicinophyta examples

Answer 20

ferns, papartis

Question 21

coniferophyta examples

Answer 21

conifers, pine trees

Question 22

angiospermophyta examples

Answer 22

flowers that bloom

Question 23

species

Answer 23

groups of organisms that can interbreed and have offsprings

Question 24

community

Answer 24

population of different species living and interacting with each other

Question 25

chemotrophs

Answer 25

gets their energy by breaking down organic or inorganic molecules within the environment

Question 26

autotrophic organisms

Answer 26

organisms that feed by creating nutrients using inorganic molecules as an energy source. plants.

Question 27

heterotrophic

Answer 27

organisms that have to ‘steal’ nutrients from others in order to survive. they eat other organisms. humans.

Question 28

heterotrophs classification

Answer 28

cosumers - feed on living organisms (giraffe, racoon), detrivores - obtain organic nutrients from dead organisms due internal digestion (snails), saprotrophs - obtain nutrients from dead organisms due external digestion (fungi).

Question 29

herbivores

Answer 29

only plant eating organisms (giraffe)

Question 30

carnivores

Answer 30

mainly meat from other animals eating organisms (tiger)

Question 31

omnivores

Answer 31

both plant and meat eating organisms (racoon)

Question 32

taxonomists what do they do

Answer 32

they classify animals by using hierarchy of taxa (domain, kingdom, tt)

Question 33

a clade ; how are caldograms formed?

Answer 33

a group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor. caldograms are formed due to DNA sequences

Question 34

classification of animals

Answer 34

artificial classification - choosing 1-2 common feature and then grouping

natural classification - taking all of their characteristics and grouping them

phylogenetic classification - sequencing DNA and putting them into groups based on how many differences and similarities exist.

Question 35

analogous structure

Answer 35

different ancestor but same function of the similar trait

Question 36

population

Answer 36

same area, same species

Question 37

abiotic environment

Answer 37

a non-living part of the ecosystem that shapes its environment (temperature, light, water)